Abdominal Fat Necrosis in a Pygmy Goat Associated with Fescue Toxicosis

Smith, Geof W.; Rotstein, David S.; Brownie, C.

doi:10.1177/104063870401600420

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As a direct sign of thermal injury on collagen/adipose tissue, the presence of denatured collagen should be assessed, which can easily be detected by elastica stains. Similarly periadventitial fat may undergo necrosis with saponification and surrounding acute inflammation followed by chronic inflammation (25,26). This usually appears as shadowy outline of adipose cells with saponification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Standardization for the Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Renal Sympathetic Denervation

Sakakura

Ladich

Edelman³

et al. 2014

JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions

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Transcatheter ablation of renal autonomic nerves is a viable option for the treatment of resistent arterial hypertension; however, structured preclinical evaluation with standardization of analytical procedures remains a clear gap in this field. Here we discuss the topics relevant to the preclinical model for the evaluation of renal denervation (RDN) devices and report methodologies and criteria towards standardization of the safety and efficacy assessment, including histopathological evaluations of the renal artery, peri-arterial nerves, and associated peri-adventitial tissues. The preclinical swine renal artery model can be used effectively to assess both the safety and efficacy of RDN technologies. Assessment of the efficacy of RDN modalities primarily focuses on the determination of the depth of penetration of treatment-related injury (eg, necrosis) of the peri-arterial tissues and its relationship (ie, location and distance) and affect on the associated renal nerves and the correlation thereof with proxy biomarkers including renal norepinephrine concentrations and nerve-specific immunohistochemical stains (eg, tyrosine hydroxylase). The safety evaluation of RDN technologies involves assessing for adverse effects on tissues local to the site of treatment (ie, on the arterial wall) as well as tissues at a distance (eg, soft tissue, veins, arterial branches, skeletal muscle, adrenal gland, ureters). Increasing experience will help to create a standardized means of examining all arterial beds subject to ablative energy and in doing so enable us to proceed to optimize development and assessment of these emerging technologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Standardization for the Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Renal Sympathetic Denervation

Sakakura

Ladich

Edelman³

et al. 2014

JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions

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“…18 Additional factors such as pollution have been suggested as a possible cause of the fish and crocodile mortalities in the Olifants River because it is known to be a highly polluted river, 1 and a large multispecies die-off occurred approximately 300 km upstream in the Loskop Dam in 2007 after a release of acid mine water effluent into the river. 10,47 Toxins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of steatitis in ruminants, 58 fish, 55 and birds. 10,43,47,48 Testing of pollutant levels in the water and crocodile tissues is underway, as well as testing in waters and crocodile tissues from unaffected rivers for comparison.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

PANSTEATITIS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE-SCALE NILE CROCODILE (CROCODYLUS NILOTICUS) MORTALITY IN KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA: PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS

Mitchell¹,

Huchzermeyer²,

Govender³

et al. 2013

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Annual mortality events in Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in the Olifants River Gorge in Kruger National Park, South Africa, were experienced between 2008 and 2012, during which at least 216 crocodiles died. Live crocodiles were lethargic. Necropsy examination of 56 affected crocodiles showed dark yellow-brown firm nodules in both somatic fat and the abdominal fat body. In all of the 11 crocodiles submitted for histology, degenerative, necrotic, and inflammatory changes supported a diagnosis of steatitis in both fat types. Crocodiles are apex predators in this anthropogenically changed aquatic ecosystem that is used by humans upstream and downstream from the park for domestic, agricultural, fishing, and recreational purposes. This pathologic review of pansteatitis in crocodiles in the Olifants River system was part of a broad multidisciplinary research program. To date, no definitive causative agent has been identified. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that this event may have been a one-time event with long-standing repercussions on the health of the crocodiles. Pathologic findings are rarely documented in wild crocodilians. This study also reports on other conditions, including the presence of coccidian oocysts, capillarid and filaroid nematodes, digenetic trematodes, and pentastomes.

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“…In addition, ergot alkaloids have also been associated with tongue necrosis, along with infertility problems, in sheep (Thompson et al, 2001). There are also reports of goats and deer experiencing lipomatosis (Evans et al, 2004b;Smith et al, 2004).…”

Section: Small Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%