Abdominal, Thoracic, and Pericardial Effusions

Valenciano, Amy C.; Rizzi, Theresa E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-53314-0.00015-8

Cited by 22 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In body cavity fluids, reactive mesothelial cells were often observed together with inflammatory cells such as macrophages. Malignant cells from mesothelioma and those from carcinoma are usually difficult to distinguish based on cytomorphologic appearances alone . Theoretically, mesothelial cells exhibit dual expression of cytokeratin and vimentin, and the present RMIF method could help distinguish epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells (including macrophages), and mesothelial cells on a single slide, and provide clinical pathologists a tool to identify and classify suspected neoplastic cells in body cavity effusions.…”

Section: The Rapid Multiple Immunofluorescent Staining Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid multiple immunofluorescent staining for the simultaneous detection of cytokeratin and vimentin in the cytology of canine tumors

Sawa

Yabuki

Kohyama

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Section: The Rapid Multiple Immunofluorescent Staining Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid multiple immunofluorescent staining for the simultaneous detection of cytokeratin and vimentin in the cytology of canine tumors

Sawa

Yabuki

Kohyama

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…The TPp and TNCCp classification scheme A 29 misclassified 31 exudates. Eleven (all neoplastic effusions) were incorrectly classified as increased HP gradient transudates, two (both neoplastic effusions) as decreased COP transudates, and in 18 cases a clear classification was not possible due to discordant information derived from TPp and TNCCp: nine effusions (six neoplastic and three infective) had TPp concentrations in the increased HP gradient transudate range while having TNCCp counts in the exudative range, seven effusions (four neoplastic and three infective) had TPp concentrations in the decreased COP transudate range while having TNCCp counts in the exudative range, and two effusions (both neoplastic) had TPp concentrations in the decreased COP transudate range while having TNCCp counts in the increased HP gradient transudate range (sensitivity=60 per cent; specificity and accuracy indeterminable due to the presence of several unclassifiable pleural effusions with this method).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the traditional veterinary classification scheme, two previously published cut‐off values for TPp and TNCCp were used. Classification A: transudate: TPp <2.5 g/dl, TNCCp <1,500 µl; modified transudate: TPp=2.5–7.5 g/dl, TNCCp=1,000–7,000 µl; exudate: TPp >3.0 g/dl, TNCCp >7,000 µl 29 Classification B: transudate: TPp <2.5 g/dl, TNCCp <1,000 µl; modified transudate: TPp >2.5 g/dl, TNCCp <5,000 µl; exudate: TPp >2.5 g/dl, TNCCp >5,000 µl 30 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminating transudates and exudates in dogs with pleural effusion: diagnostic utility of simplified Light's criteria compared with traditional veterinary classification

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesTo determine whether the simplified Light’s criteria (ie, pleural effusion lactate dehydrogenase concentration and serum total protein) can identify the pathophysiology of pleural effusion formation in dogs, and to assess whether these criteria were more accurate than the traditional veterinary classification based on pleural effusion total protein (TPp) and nucleated cell count (TNCCp).MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study including 100 dogs with pleural effusion. The aetiology of effusion was used to classify the pathophysiology of its formation. Parameters measured included the simplified Light’s criteria, TPp and TNCCp. The diagnostic utility of the two methods in classifying pleural effusion formation was evaluated.ResultsSeven transudates due to decreased colloid osmotic pressure, 18 transudates due to increased hydrostatic pressure gradient and 75 exudates were included in the study. The simplified Light’s criteria misclassified 2 of 75 exudates (98 per cent overall accuracy). The traditional veterinary classification scheme misclassified 31 of 75 exudates and 12 of 18 increased hydrostatic pressure gradient transudates (57 per cent overall accuracy). The frequency of agreement between the simplified Light’s criteria and the traditional veterinary classification with the true nature of the pleural effusion was significantly different (P<0.001).Clinical significanceThe simplified Light’s criteria were highly accurate in discriminating exudates from transudates, while TPp and TNCCp had no diagnostic value in doing so.

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“…Ultrasound-guided paracentesis is the safest option to obtain a sample for analysis, especially in the presence of a small amount of fluid, or when the effusion is unilateral or compartmentalized. Furthermore, it has much higher yield than blind tapping (Valenciano et al, 2014). The procedure and the materials needed are described in Fig.…”

Section: Indications and Collection Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Counting errors can occur with either automated or manual methods by factors such as debris, cell fragmentation and clumping. Delaying of the analysis can also alter TNCC, as well as cell morphology (Valenciano et al, 2014;Hughes et al, 2016;Mazan, 2018). The TP measurement can be performed either with a biochemical analyser or refractometer.…”

Section: B Tncc and Tp Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The laboratory diagnostic approach to thoracic and abdominal effusions in the dog, cat, and horse

Athanasiou

Spyropoulou

Meichner

2019

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Cases involving pleural and peritoneal effusions occur relatively frequently in clinical practice. Determining the underlying etiology in these cases relies mainly on fluid analysis. The technique used for obtaining the pleural or peritoneal fluid can impact greatly the results of the analysis. Most often used diagnostic tools include evaluation of gross appearance, Total Nucleated Cell Count / Total Protein (TNCC/TP) measurement, chemical/biochemical analysis (Lactate dehydrogenase and lactate, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, creatinine, pH, pO2, pCO2, and K measurements), cytology (identification of septic and non-septic inflammation and neoplasia), microbiology (Gram stain, culture, molecular techniques), and specific tests for certain clinical conditions and diseases. Classifying an effusion as transudate, modified transudate and exudate is traditionally based on the TNCC and TP values. New diagnostic methods encourage the clinician to approach the effusion etiologically instead of strictly following this traditional classification. Many of the diagnostic tests described in this review are simple and can be performed in-house, providing the clinician quickly with information about the cause of the effusion, essential for an effective treatment plan without wasting valuable time.

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Abdominal, Thoracic, and Pericardial Effusions

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Rapid multiple immunofluorescent staining for the simultaneous detection of cytokeratin and vimentin in the cytology of canine tumors

Rapid multiple immunofluorescent staining for the simultaneous detection of cytokeratin and vimentin in the cytology of canine tumors

Discriminating transudates and exudates in dogs with pleural effusion: diagnostic utility of simplified Light's criteria compared with traditional veterinary classification

The laboratory diagnostic approach to thoracic and abdominal effusions in the dog, cat, and horse

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