ABE-Stat, a Fully Open-Source and Versatile Wireless Potentiostat Project Including Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Abstract

Exciting discoveries in material science and molecular interactions are resulting in many promising electrochemical biosensor technologies. Compact, high-quality instrumentation is critical to adaptation of these new technologies especially for distributed applications in the agriculture and food industries. To this end, we have developed ABE-Stat, a fully open-source, battery-powered potentiostat project including a wireless Android interface. ABE-Stat is capable of conducting routine electrochemical analyses including cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), high impedance potentiometric measurements, and can connect directly to the internet through WiFi or indirectly through the Android interface. Importantly it is the first fully opensource potentiostat capable of evaluating electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) across a wide frequency spectrum (0.1 Hz to 100 kHz) with user selectable amplitude and bias. Current noise was observed to be over an order of magnitude larger than the nominal resolution of the embedded 24-bit analog to digital converter (ADC), but were largely consistent with the actual ADC specifications. In this manuscript we share detailed documentation for ABE-Stat including hardware design and source code, and evaluation of the performance of all avaiable analyses. We also suggest design improvements that could improve the noise performance of ABE-Stat and consistency of EIS measurements across the spectrum.

Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of Listeria spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media

“…Calibration with the handheld potentiostat developed by Jenkins et al [ 29 ] is shown in ( Figure 4 E,F). The device connects to a smartphone or tablet via Bluetooth, and the data are formatted as a csv file that can be analyzed off line [ 29 ] or autonomously using support vector machine learning [ 34 ], as shown in our previous work.…”

“…All clean room work was conducted at the Aggiefab facility at Texas A&M University (College Station, TX, USA). A CHI 600E potentiostat (Austin, TX, USA) with CHI6044e software or handheld potentiostat (ABE-STAT [ 29 ]) with Samsung Galaxy tablet was used for electrochemical analysis as noted. A Bruker Dektak Profilometer (Tucson, AZ, USA) was used to quantify electrode features.…”

“…The sump pump in the reservoir pumped continuously for 5 min after the injection of L. innocua . After 5 min of continuous flow, the pump was turned off for EIS analysis with a custom handheld potentiostat [ 29 , 44 ] and data were collected from the Pt-IME biosensor in the particle trap.…”

“…In this work, we demonstrate the development of a Listeria biosensor using platinum interdigitated microelectrodes (Pt-IME) biofunctionalized with Listeria -specific aptamer (47-mer) and incorporate the sensor into a particle/sediment trap for real-time analysis of irrigation water in hydroponic media. Furthermore, we demonstrate this sensing device using a smartphone-based signal acquisition system [ 29 ] for rapid on-site analysis of water quality in hydroponics with a response time of only 27 min. Pt-IME with different finger spacing of 25, 50, and 100 μm were fabricated and tested to select the optimum finger spacing for improved performance during electrochemical sensing (i.e., high signal-to-noise ratios, fast response times, and enhanced reaction–diffusion kinetics).…”

Sensor-as-a-Service: Convergence of Sensor Analytic Point Solutions (SNAPS) and Pay-A-Penny-Per-Use (PAPPU) Paradigm as a Catalyst for Democratization of Healthcare in Underserved Communities

“…Low-cost, portable, mobile phone-based acquisition systems have been developed for mercury analysis in the field [100]. While this is significant for deploying sensors in low-income regions, the inexpensive-portable sensor-systems lack data analytics capability to transform the data into meaningful information that could be useful for the user.…”