“…This research draws upon the theoretical framework of public entrepreneurship, which emphasizes the application of entrepreneurial principles and practices in the public sector (Agarwal et al, 2020;AL-Zarei, 2018;Benyera, 2019;Borzaga & Defourny, 2001;Brundenius et al, 2016;Charles & Nicoll, 2022;Defourny, 2014;Grimm, 2019;Gunter, 2018;McPhee et al, 2016). Public entrepreneurship is characterized by proactive, innovative, and risk-taking behaviors that lead to the creation of public value.…”