Aberdeen Growth Study: I. The Prediction of Adult Body Measurements from Measurements Taken Each Year from Birth to 5 Years

Tanner, J. M.; Healy, M. J. R.; Lockhart, R.; Mackenzie, J; Whitehouse, R. H.

doi:10.1136/adc.31.159.372

Cited by 123 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Height, independent of weight is inversely related to glucose tolerance as reported by previous investigators [16]. Height at 7 years of age correlated with birth weight (r = 0.34, p < 0.0001) and therefore the inverse association between height and glucose tolerance may again reflect poor fetal or neonatal nutrition since it is known that height is strongly influenced by events occurring in utero during early childhood [17]. Height shows a negative correlation with the 30 min glucose concentrations at all ages (1, 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Association between poor glucose tolerance and rapid post natal weight gain in seven-year-old children

et al. 1998

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Studies in Europe [1], India [3] and America [4] have shown that birth weight and weight at 1 year of age correlate with glucose tolerance. Thus, factors affecting birth weight and infant growth such as fetal and neonatal nutrition, seem to play a part in the aetiology of glucose intolerance and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.These findings have been used as supportive evidence for the thrifty phenotype' hypothesis [5] which proposes that the fetus selectively apportions nutrients, channelling' them to essential organs such as the brain and heart during times of poor nutrition at the expense of peripheral organs like the pancreas. Poorer pancreatic development with a smaller complement of islet endocrine cells and, possibly, changes in tissue insulin sensitivity means that whilst a person remains in an environment where nutrients are scarce there is no adverse effect. When exposed to conditions of increased nutrition however, the pancreatic beta cell complement is unable to meet the biochemical demands and glucose intolerance and Type II diabetes can result. Those at greatest risk of developing Type II diabetes are those born with low birth weights who develop a high BMI [4].The combination of low birthweight and subsequently high BMI is characteristic of populations undergoing cultural and economic shifts towards first- Diabetologia (1998) Summary A number of studies have shown that glucose tolerance falls with decreasing birth weight and that people with low birth weight and high body mass index (BMI) as adults are those at greatest risk of developing Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. No such studies have been carried out in African populations. Therefore we investigated the relation between glucose tolerance and birth weight in a group of 7-year-old black South Africans for whom longitudinal anthropometric data were available. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were carried out on 152 subjects and inverse correlations were found between birth weight and the total amount of insulin secreted during the first 30 min (r = ±0.19, p = 0.04) and last 90 min (r = ±0.19, p = 0.04) of the oral glucose tolerance test and also between birth weight and the 30 min glucose concentrations (r = ±0.20, p = 0.02). Children born with low birth weights but who had high weights at 7 years had higher insulin concentrations and indices of obesity compared with those with low birth weights and low weights at 7 years. There were also positive correlations between weight velocity and BMI (r = 0.24, p = 0.02) and weight velocity and insulin resistance (r = 0.18, p = 0.04) as measured using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Thus, low birth weight in conjunction with rapid childhood gains in weight especially as subcutaneous fat, produces poor glucose tolerance in 7-year-old children and can make them susceptible to the development of Type II diabetes later in life. [Diabetologia (1998)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Association between poor glucose tolerance and rapid post natal weight gain in seven-year-old children

et al. 1998

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“…24,25 There was little difference in the strength of the associations between those based on selfreported or measured height. However, whilst other studies suggest that the accuracy of prediction of adult height from childhood measures increases with age at measurement in childhood, our data did not generally follow the expected pattern.…”

Section: Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

How accurately are height, weight and leg length reported by the elderly, and how closely are they related to measurements recorded in childhood?

Gunnell

Berney²,

Holland³

et al. 2000

International Journal of Epidemiology

127

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“…Several risk factors for overweight have been identified, including genetic and familial predisposition (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), birth weight (9,13,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), maternal diabetes (20,21), and behavioral and socioeconomic factors (1,2,9,12,15,(22)(23)(24)(25). However, most studies were limited by the use of self-reported or non-research-based anthropometric data to define obesity or by the use of body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) as an indirect measure of adiposity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early risk factors for increased adiposity: a cohort study of African American subjects followed from birth to young adulthood

Stettler

Tershakovec

Zemel

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

137

101

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Background:Obesity is an increasing concern in the United States. Effective prevention of obesity requires the risk factors to be well defined. African Americans have a high risk of obesity. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify risk factors, present at birth, for increased adiposity in adulthood in an African American population. Design: In this retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study, anthropometric and socioeconomic variables were collected at birth. A representative sample of 447 African American subjects was followed up until young adulthood, when skinfold thickness was measured. Associations between the independent variables and increased adiposity (skinfold thickness above the 85th percentile) were explored by using unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Results: Three variables measured at birth were independently associated with adiposity in young adulthood, explaining 12% of the variance. The odds ratios (with 95% CIs) of these variables for increased adiposity were 2.7 (1.2, 6.2) for female sex, 4.0 (1.4, 11.2) for first-born status, and 1.15 (1.06, 1.25) for each unit increment in maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ). After adjustment for these variables, birth weight for gestational age and socioeconomic variables were not associated with adiposity. Conclusions: This cohort study of African American subjects was the first to identify first-born status as an independent risk factor for increased adiposity in adulthood in a US population. The results of the study strengthen previous reports of the effect of female sex and maternal BMI on adulthood obesity. Identification of risk factors early in life may help target prevention toward high-risk children and allow healthy lifestyles to be established before the onset of obesity.

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Aberdeen Growth Study: I. The Prediction of Adult Body Measurements from Measurements Taken Each Year from Birth to 5 Years

Cited by 123 publications

References 7 publications

Association between poor glucose tolerance and rapid post natal weight gain in seven-year-old children

Association between poor glucose tolerance and rapid post natal weight gain in seven-year-old children

How accurately are height, weight and leg length reported by the elderly, and how closely are they related to measurements recorded in childhood?

Early risk factors for increased adiposity: a cohort study of African American subjects followed from birth to young adulthood

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