Aberrant limbic brain structures in young individuals at risk for mental illness

Nogovitsyn, Nikita; Souza, Roberto; Muller, Meghan; Srajer, Amelia; Metzak, Paul D.; Hassel, Stefanie; Ismail, Zahinoor; Protzner, Andrea B.; Bray, Signe; Lebel, Catherine; MacIntosh, Bradley J.; Goldstein, Benjamin I.; Wang, JianLi; Kennedy, Sidney H.; Addington, Jean; MacQueen, Glenda

doi:10.1111/pcn.12985

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…The results of our ROC analyses suggest that the right hippocampal volume is a potential marker for differentiation between SZ and BD. To this end, multimodal functional neuroimaging studies [26,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] that combine structural MRI [3,16,[18][19][20][21]23,[26][27][28][42][43][44]51,[61][62][63], functional MRI [26,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]64,65], magnetic resonance spectroscopy [66][67][68][69], positron emission tomography [69][70][71][72], elec...…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Quantitative MRI Study

Sato

Hirano

Hirakawa

et al. 2021

JPM

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Since patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share many biological features, detecting biomarkers that differentiate SZ and BD patients is crucial for optimized treatments. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is suitable for detecting subtle brain structural differences in patients with psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we adopted a neuroanatomically defined and manually delineated region of interest (ROI) method to evaluate the amygdalae, hippocampi, Heschl’s gyrus (HG), and planum temporale (PT), because these regions are crucial in the development of SZ and BD. ROI volumes were measured using high resolution MRI in 31 healthy subjects (HS), 23 SZ patients, and 21 BD patients. Right hippocampal volumes differed significantly among groups (HS > BD > SZ), whereas left hippocampal volumes were lower in SZ patients than in HS and BD patients (HS = BD > SZ). Volumes of the amygdalae, HG, and PT did not differ among the three groups. For clinical correlations, there were no significant associations between ROI volumes and demographics/clinical symptoms. Our study revealed significant lower hippocampal volume in patients with SZ and BD, and we suggest that the right hippocampal volume is a potential biomarker for differentiation between SZ and BD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Quantitative MRI Study

Sato

Hirano

Hirakawa

et al. 2021

JPM

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“…7,28,29 These findings support the pathological model of schizophrenia that the patients have neurodevelopmental abnormalities but also exhibit active gray matter loss mainly in the frontal and temporo-limbic regions in the initial years around the onset, which may underlie the first manifestation of positive symptoms. Further research is needed on other morphological characteristics (e.g., gyrification and sulcus pattern) 51,52 and subcortical structures 53,54 in the various clinical stages of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Brain Mri Findings In Schizophrenia Through the Life Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Future Directions in Brain MR Imaging Studies in Schizophrenia: Toward Elucidating Brain Pathology and Developing Clinical Tools

et al. 2022

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Schizophrenia is a common severe psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1% of general population through the life course. Historically, in Kraepelin's time, schizophrenia was a disease unit conceptualized as dementia praecox; however, since then, the disease concept has changed. Recent MRI studies had shown that the neuropathology of the brain in this disorder was characterized by mild progression before and after the onset of the disease, and that the brain alterations were relatively smaller than assumed. Although genetic factors contribute to the brain alterations in schizophrenia, which are thought to be trait differences, other changes include factors that are common in psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, it has been shown that the brain differences specific to schizophrenia were relatively small compared to other changes, such as those caused by brain development, aging, and gender. In addition, compared to the disease and participant factors, machine and imaging protocol differences could affect MRI signals, which should be addressed in multi-site studies. Recent advances in MRI modalities, such as multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and multimodal brain imaging analysis, may be candidates to sharpen the characterization of schizophrenia-specific factors and provide new insights. The Brain/MINDS Beyond Human Brain MRI (BMB-HBM) project has been launched considering the differences and noises irrespective of the disease pathologies and includes the future perspectives of MRI studies for various psychiatric and neurological disorders. The sites use restricted MRI machines and harmonized multi-modal protocols, standardized image preprocessing, and traveling subject harmonization. Data sharing to the public will be planned in FY 2024. In the future, we believe that combining a high-quality human MRI dataset with genetic data, randomized controlled trials, and MRI for non-human primates and animal models will enable us to understand schizophrenia, elucidate its neural bases and therapeutic targets, and provide tools for clinical application at bedside.

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“…In contrast to the QSM results, there were no associations between brain volume and behaviour. This differs from research on mental health and brain structure in unexposed participants that has found associations between caudate volume, putamen development, amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus abnormalities and internalizing and externalizing disorders [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Only one study on children with PAE found a trend-level association between caudate volume and internalizing symptoms [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Similarly, externalizing disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder are 10 and 13 time more common than in the general population [13]. Unexposed youth and adults with internalizing (depression and anxiety) and externalizing (ADHD) disorders tend to show volumetric abnormalities of limbic and basal ganglia structures [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Youth with PAE have similar volumetric abnormalities [23][24][25]; however, little research has investigated the neural underpinnings between brain and internalizing or externalizing symptoms in individuals with PAE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain iron and mental health symptoms in youth with and without prenatal alcohol exposure

Nakhid

McMorris

Sun

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) negatively affects brain development and increases the risk of poor mental health. We investigated if brain susceptibility, measuring iron, or volume were associated with internalizing or externalizing symptoms in youth with and without PAE. T1-weighted and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI scans were collected for 19 PAE and 40 unexposed participants aged 7.5-15 years. Magnetic susceptibility and volume of basal ganglia and limbic structures were extracted using FreeSurfer. Internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed using the Behavioural Assessment System for Children (BASC-2-PRS). Susceptibility in the nucleus accumbens was negatively associated with internalizing problems, while amygdala susceptibility was positively associated with internalizing problems across groups. In the PAE group, thalamus susceptibility was negatively associated with internalizing problems, and putamen susceptibility was positively associated with externalizing problems. Brain volume was not related to internalizing or externalizing symptoms. These findings highlight that brain iron is related to internalizing and externalizing symptoms differently in some brain regions for youth with and without PAE. Atypical iron levels (high or low) may indicate mental health problems across individuals, and iron in the thalamus and putamen may be particularly important for behaviour in individuals with PAE.

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Aberrant limbic brain structures in young individuals at risk for mental illness

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Lower Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Quantitative MRI Study

Lower Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Quantitative MRI Study

Recent Advances and Future Directions in Brain MR Imaging Studies in Schizophrenia: Toward Elucidating Brain Pathology and Developing Clinical Tools

Brain iron and mental health symptoms in youth with and without prenatal alcohol exposure

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