Aberrant salience predicts psychotic-like experiences in daily life: An experience sampling study

Chun, Charlotte A.; Gross, Georgina M.; Mielock, Alyssa S.; Kwapil, Thomas Richard

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.016

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The full version includes 29 "yes/no" questions, loading onto a five-factor structure: increased significance, sharpened senses, impending understanding, heightened emotionality, and heightened cognition. Construct validity has been supported through significant associations with measures of positive schizotypy and Behavioral Activation System, but weak association with measures of negative schizotypy and Behavioral Inhibition System, as would be expected (Chun et al, 2020;. Participants completed the full version at baseline on Qualtrics.…”

Section: Baseline Measuresmentioning

confidence: 82%

Momentary assessment of aberrant salience, anomalous self-experiences, and psychotic-like experiences.

Meyer¹,

Cohn²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2022

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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To improve understanding of emerging psychosis, researchers have identified potential precursory mechanisms that may momentarily precede psychotic-like experiences, including aberrant salience and anomalous self-experiences. Aberrant salience is the misattribution of significance to neutral stimuli and may be linked to atypical dopamine transmission. Anomalous self-experiences include changes in the experience of the self, which may alter top-down cognitive processes. The present study extends previous research on these phenomena by examining the momentary dynamics of aberrant salience, anomalous self-experiences, and psychotic-like experiences in daily life. Participants were 246 young adults who were prompted to complete 6 smartphone surveys daily for 7 days. Baseline measures of aberrant salience and anomalous self-experiences each predicted occurrence of the same phenomena in daily life, supporting the use of these measures to examine within-subject changes. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to examine lagged effects. Both aberrant salience and anomalous self-experiences exhibited carryover effects across timepoints. Furthermore, aberrant salience and anomalous self-experiences were each associated with psychotic-like experiences at subsequent timepoints, above and beyond the carryover effects of psychotic-like experiences. These temporal relationships provide preliminary support consistent with social-cognitive models of psychosis and support further examination of the within-subject dynamics of aberrant salience and anomalous self-experiences at the momentary scale.

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Section: Baseline Measuresmentioning

confidence: 82%

Momentary assessment of aberrant salience, anomalous self-experiences, and psychotic-like experiences.

Meyer¹,

Cohn²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2022

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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“…It is also consistent with reports that ASI is strongly associated with AS-linked constructs such as motivation and reinforcer sensitivity ( Neumann and Linscott, 2018 ). ASI scores are also positively correlated with everyday psychotic- and disorganisation-like experiences in undergraduate students ( Chun et al, 2020 ). Additionally, analyses of the psychometric properties of the ASI scale have demonstrated that scores on the ‘Senses Sharpening’ sub-scale discriminate between psychiatric patients (including patients with psychosis) and the general population ( Golay et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This then leads to the emergence of psychotic symptoms, with efficiency of salience processing varying in relation to the presence of either positive or negative schizophrenia or schizotypy symptoms ( Kapur, 2013 ; Wijayendran et al, 2018 ). To this end, self-reported aberrant salience experiences are associated with positive schizotypy features, with a negative association between these experiences and negative schizotypy features ( Chun et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aberrant salience has been described as an inability to selectively attend to certain environmental stimuli while ignoring others ( Chun et al, 2020 ), these processes can be assessed using tasks which measure latent inhibition (LI). This is an associative learning phenomenon in which pre-exposing a stimulus without consequence delays subsequent learning to the same stimulus when it is subsequently established as a predictor of an outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latent inhibition, aberrant salience, and schizotypy traits in cannabis users

Dawes

Quinn

Bickerdike

et al. 2022

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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Aberrant salience processing may underlie the link between cannabis and psychosis, as posited in individuals with schizophrenia or high schizotypy. We investigated the relative effects of cannabis use, schizotypy status, and self-reported aberrant salience experiences on salience processing, measured using a latent inhibition (LI) task (Granger et al., 2016), in a non-clinical population. A university sample of 346 participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) the modified Cannabis Experience Questionnaire (CEQmv) and the LI task. Regression models and parallel (Bayesian and frequentist) t -tests or ANOVA (or non-parametric equivalents) examined differences in LI based on lifetime or current cannabis use (frequent use during previous year), as well as frequency of use. Mann-Whitney U tests assessed differences in SPQ and ASI scores based on current cannabis use. Neither lifetime nor current cannabis use was associated with significant change in LI scores. Current cannabis use was associated with both higher ‘Disorganised’ and ‘Cognitive-perceptual’ SPQ dimension scores and higher total and sub-scale ASI scores. No association was observed between LI score and SPQ total and dimension scores. Higher scores on ‘Senses sharpening’ and the ‘Heightened cognition’ ASI subscales predicted decreased LI scores. These data support previous findings of no association between cannabis use and abnormality in other associative learning tasks in young non-clinical populations, and elaborate the previously demonstrated association between self-reported cannabis use, schizotypy and aberrant salience. The association between dimensions of ASI and LI performance suggests this task may have potential as an experimental measure of aberrant salience.

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“…The absence of a relationship between the ASI total or other sub-scale scores and KB is congruent with a pattern of inconsistent results concerning the relationship between different measures of aberrant salience ( 76 ). Previous studies have shown that higher ASI scores are associated with psychotic-like and disorganised symptoms, suspiciousness and social impairment in daily life ( 77 ), as well as psychosis-relevant deficits in effort-based decision making ( 76 ). However, ASI scores do not correlate with performance in the salience attribution test (SAT), another task-based measure of aberrant salience processing that is influenced by schizotypy ( 9 , 78 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Use, Schizotypy and Kamin Blocking Performance

et al. 2021

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Cannabis use has been associated with increased risk for a first episode of psychosis and inappropriate assignment of salience to extraneous stimuli has been proposed as a mechanism underlying this association. Psychosis-prone (especially schizotypal) personality traits are associated with deficits in associative learning tasks that measure salience allocation. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between history of cannabis use and Kamin blocking (KB), a form of selective associative learning, in a non-clinical sample. Additionally, KB was examined in relation to self-reported schizotypy and aberrant salience scale profiles. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 307 healthy participants with no previous psychiatric or neurological history. Participants were recruited and tested using the Testable Minds behavioural testing platform. KB was calculated using Oades' “mouse in the house task”, performance of which is disrupted in schizophrenia patients. Schizotypy was measured using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) was used to assess self-reported unusual or inappropriate salience. The modified Cannabis Experience Questionnaire (CEQm) was used to collect detailed history of use of cannabis and other recreational drugs. Regression models and Bayesian t-tests or ANOVA (or non-parametric equivalents) examined differences in KB based on lifetime or current cannabis use (frequent use during previous year), as well as frequency of use among those who had previously used cannabis. Neither lifetime nor current cannabis use was associated with any significant change in total or trial-specific KB scores. Current cannabis use was associated with higher Disorganised SPQ dimension scores and higher total and sub-scale values for the ASI. A modest positive association was observed between total KB score and Disorganised SPQ dimension scores, but no relationships were found between KB and other SPQ measures. Higher scores on “Senses Sharpening” ASI sub-scale predicted decreased KB score only in participants who have not engaged in recent cannabis use. These results are discussed in the context of our understanding of the effects of long-term cannabis exposure on salience attribution, as well as inconsistencies in the literature with respect to both the relationship between KB and schizotypy and the measurement of KB associative learning phenomena.

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Aberrant salience predicts psychotic-like experiences in daily life: An experience sampling study

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Momentary assessment of aberrant salience, anomalous self-experiences, and psychotic-like experiences.

Momentary assessment of aberrant salience, anomalous self-experiences, and psychotic-like experiences.

Latent inhibition, aberrant salience, and schizotypy traits in cannabis users

Cannabis Use, Schizotypy and Kamin Blocking Performance

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