Aberration corrected spin polarized low energy electron microscope

Yu, Lei; Wan, Weishi; Koshikawa, Takanori; Li, Meng; Yang, Xiaodong; Zheng, Changxi; Suzuki, Masahiko; Yasue, Tsuneo; Jin, Xiuguang; Takeda, Yoshikazu; Tromp, R. M.; Tang, Wing Man

doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113017

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Even atomic resolution can be achieved using SPM, and, in combination with I − V spectroscopy, access to the electronic properties can be gained that is complementary to ARPES. Here, we refrain from covering I − V spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques, such as Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, [ 137 ] scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis, [ 138 ] and spin‐polarized low‐energy electron microscopy, [ 139 ] because these techniques have not yet been used extensively for MTI research. The capabilities of the local probes covered here are illustrated in the upper half of the main panel in Figure 5.…”

Section: Magnetic Properties Of Ti Thin Films and Heterostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Topological Insulator Heterostructures: A Review

Liu

Hesjedal

2021

Advanced Materials

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Chern number corresponds to the occupancy of discrete Landau levels, which can be varied by tuning the Fermi energy via a gate voltage. It further corresponds to the number of dissipationless conduction channels in the gapless edge state of the quantum Hall insulator that is insulating in the bulk in high magnetic fields.After observing the quantum version of the Hall effect, the natural question to ask is if there is also a quantized version of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), commonly observed in ferromagnets. This quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) would then be observable in the absence of external fields. The QAHE was initially proposed to arise in 2D honeycomb or kagome lattices, such as monolayer graphene, that host a non-zero out-of-plane magnetic flux density, but zero net flux in each unit cell. [8,9] Later, it was also proposed that the QAHE may be found in Hg 1−y Mn y Te quantum wells without an external magnetic field, in which the effect arises purely due to the spin polarization of the Mn atoms. [10] However, the experimental realization of the QAHE was not reported until 2013, when transport in 3D topological insulators (TIs) doped with magnetic impurities was studied. TIs refer to a class of materials that is insulating in the bulk, but which possess topologically protected conducting surface states. Right from the start, the field was (see refs. [6,11-17]), and continues to be (see refs. [18-20]), to a large degree driven by theory. Common examples of 3D TIs are rhombohedral Bi 2 Se 3 , Bi 2 Te 3 , and Sb 2 Te 3 . [15] The surface state of a TI consists of two linearly dispersing states connecting the bulk conduction and valence bands. The two states cross at one point in reciprocal space, the Dirac point (Figure 1a). The charge carriers in this band structure are massless fermions, which are described by the relativistic Dirac equation. [15] Due to the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in these materials, surface electron spins are locked to their momentum, forming dissipationless, counter-propagating conduction channels in the surface state.By introducing magnetism to a TI, either by impurity doping with magnetic elements, by proximity coupling to a magnetic insulators (MIs), or other magnetic layers, time-reversal symmetry (TRS) can be broken. TRS breaking can induce a bandgap in the surface states, leading to the realization of the QAHE which is characterized by 1D chiral edge conduction in zerofield at remanence, as shown in Figure 1. The Chern number, here being +1 or -1, corresponds to the direction of the spinmomentum locked edge current that can be flipped by a (small) external field. Using first-principles calculations, Sb 2 Te 3 , Bi 2 Te 3 , Topological insulators (TIs) provide intriguing prospects for the future of spintronics due to their large spin-orbit coupling and dissipationless, counterpropagating conduction channels in the surface state. The combination of topological properties and magnetic order can lead to new quantum states including the quantum anomalous Hall effect th...

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Section: Magnetic Properties Of Ti Thin Films and Heterostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Topological Insulator Heterostructures: A Review

Liu

Hesjedal

2021

Advanced Materials

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“…Most SEM imaging uses low-energy secondary electrons. However, reflection electron microscopy 758,759 (REM) uses elastically backscattered electrons and is often complimented by a combination of reflection high-energy electron diffraction [779][780][781] (RHEED), reflection highenergy electron loss spectroscopy 782,783 (RHEELS) and spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy [784][785][786] (SPLEEM). Some SEMs also detect Auger electrons 787,788 .…”

Section: Microscopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Deep Learning in Electron Microscopy

Ede

2020

Preprint

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Deep learning is transforming most areas of science and technology, including electron microscopy. This review paper offers a practical perspective aimed at developers with limited familiarity. For context, we review popular applications of deep learning in electron microscopy. Following, we discuss hardware and software needed to get started with deep learning and interface with electron microscopes. We then review neural network components, popular architectures, and their optimization. Finally, we discuss future directions of deep learning in electron microscopy.

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Atomic/nanoscale characterization

2021

Nanomagnetic Materials

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Aberration corrected spin polarized low energy electron microscope

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Magnetic Topological Insulator Heterostructures: A Review

Magnetic Topological Insulator Heterostructures: A Review

Review: Deep Learning in Electron Microscopy

Atomic/nanoscale characterization

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