2007
DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002007
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Aberration-free optical refocusing in high numerical aperture microscopy

Abstract: We describe a method of optical refocusing for high numerical aperture (NA) systems that is particularly relevant for confocal and multiphoton microscopy. This method avoids the spherical aberration that is common to other optical refocusing systems. We show that aberration-free images can be obtained over an axial scan range of 70 mum for a 1.4 NA objective lens. As refocusing is implemented remotely from the specimen, this method will enable high axial scan speeds without mechanical interference between the … Show more

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Cited by 240 publications
(216 citation statements)
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“…In the Fourier plane of an imaging system, the wavefront of light at wavelength λ, emanating from emitters located an axial distance of Δz away from the focal plane in a medium of index of refraction n λ , is characterized by a phase-shift profile that scales as ð2π=λÞn λ Δz (25). The distortion of the MFG acts on the emission wavefront to counterbalance this phase-shift profile (23).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the Fourier plane of an imaging system, the wavefront of light at wavelength λ, emanating from emitters located an axial distance of Δz away from the focal plane in a medium of index of refraction n λ , is characterized by a phase-shift profile that scales as ð2π=λÞn λ Δz (25). The distortion of the MFG acts on the emission wavefront to counterbalance this phase-shift profile (23).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It might be tempting to move the camera to a different imaging plane, but both this gives rise to spherical aberration and the images are much dimmer. Given that both the illumination and transmission objectives must remain stationary to obtain spectra, it was decided that instead the focal plane should be reimaged remotely (Botcherby et al 2007), which is achieved via microscope objectives MO 3 and MO 4 in Fig. 2.…”
Section: Spectral Selection Criteriamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a first set of methods, refocusing was adapted [15,16] to oblique imaging. In the original version of refocusing, the Wilson group proposed to use two facing objectives (the first objective to refocus the object and the second objective to image the refocused object, or to use a single objective facing a mirror to achieve the same goal [15].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%