HighlightsA resection of a thoracic duct cyst in the right upper mediastinum resulted in post-operative chylopericardium.Chylous complications in thoracic duct cysts are frequent when intraoperative diagnosis is not reached, such as in cases with anomalous cyst location.A review on post-surgical chylopericardium is performed, which will provide information for future management of this rare complication.