Ability of governments to take actions to confront incursions of diseases – a case study: citrus canker in Florida

Centner, Terence J.; Ferreira, Susana

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02575.x

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Valencia sweet orange, a study performed in Guatambu, Santa Catarina, Brazil (hardiness zone 10, i.e. Scientific evidence was in support of the citrus canker eradication programme settled in Florida and known as the -1900 ft exposure zone‖ in Florida law Centner and Ferreira, 2012). citri pathotype A has established and is controlled by IPM (integrated pest management), each 1 % of disease incidence increase on fruit corresponds to an estimated loss of 2.16 kg (21.3 oranges) per tree (Brugnara et al, 2012).…”

Section: Examples Of Impact In the Area Of Current Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…a geographically defined area in which a specific category of plant is capable of growing, as defined by climatic conditions, including its ability to withstand the minimum temperatures of the zone; for example, hardiness zone 10 corresponds to an area where the considered plant species can withstand a minimum temperature of -1 °C), a state where X. citri pv. This interpretation of the Florida Constitution's Just Compensation Clause makes it more difficult to administer a successful eradication programme (Centner and Ferreira, 2012). In Brazil, percentages of harvested sweet orange fruit varied from 44.2 to 92.9 % during three consecutive years in canker-infected orchards with no control, neither copper sprays nor windbreaks (Behlau et al, 2008).…”

Section: Examples Of Impact In the Area Of Current Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii for the EU territory

2014

EFS2

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The Panel conducted a pest risk assessment for Xanthomonas campestris (all strains pathogenic to Citrus) for the EU territory and an assessment of the effectiveness of present EU requirements against Xanthomonas strains pathogenic to citrus. The risk assessment was conducted under the scenario of absence of the current specific EU plant health legislation and the assumption that citrus-exporting countries apply measures to reduce yield and quality losses. Risk reduction options were systematically identified and evaluated. The strains of X. campestris pathogenic to citrus have been reclassified as four distinct infraspecific taxa within two species: X. citri and X. alfalfae. Only two pathovars (X. citri pv. citri and X. citri pv. aurantifolii) are responsible for the citrus bacterial canker that presents a major risk for the citrus industry in the EU. Seven entry pathways have been identified and evaluated. The likelihood of entry was rated unlikely for fruit, very likely for fruit plants for planting, moderately likely for ornamental plants for planting and unlikely for leaves and twigs. The uncertainty of probability of entry was rated as high. The probability of establishment was rated as moderately likely to likely with a medium uncertainty because host plants are widely present in EU areas where environmental conditions are suitable. Once established, spread would be likely with a low uncertainty. The impact of the disease, even if control measures are applied, was rated as moderate to major with a medium uncertainty. The disease would cause yield losses in areas where citrus is the main crop, increase the need for control measures and create environmental problems.The combined EU regulations have been shown to be effective in preventing the introduction of X. citri pv. citri or X. citri pv. aurantifolii in the EU, as no outbreaks of citrus canker in the EU territory have been reported. Vernière for the preparatory work on this Scientific Opinion and EFSA staff: Svetla Kozelska, Tilemachos Goumperis and Olaf Mosbach Schulz for the support provided to this Scientific Opinion. Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii pest risk assessment EFSA Journal 2014;12(2):3556 4 Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii pest risk assessment EFSA Journal 2014;12(2):3556 6importance of maintaining the absence of X. citri pv. citri and X. citri pv. aurantifolii in citrusproducing areas and of the risk reduction options to maintain this absence.The effectiveness of current EU phytosanitary measures to reduce the risk of introduction of X. citri pv. citri and X. citri pv. aurantifolii ranges from moderate to high. However, the requirements for buffer zones of pest free production sites in areas infested by X. citri pv. citri or X. citri pv. aurantifolii are insufficiently detailed.The probability of entry of X. citri pv. citri and X. citri pv. aurantifolii via import of plants for planting for citrus production and of ornamental rutaceous plants (species listed in section 3.1...

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Section: Examples Of Impact In the Area Of Current Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Examples Of Impact In the Area Of Current Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii for the EU territory

2014

EFS2

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“…As a result of litigation commencing in 1989, EPA agreed to develop rules for CAFO discharges that would comply with the Clean Water Act. In 2003In , 2008In , and 2012, EPA adopted revised regulatory provisions for CAFOs. Agricultural lawyers continue to advise CAFO operators on the requirements delineated by the regulatory and judicial changes to the federal provisions.…”

Section: Environmental Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given recent occurrences of citrus canker, citrus greening, mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), avian influenza, and H1N1 (swine) flu, governments have sometimes taken strong actions to eradicate a disease. Questions arise about who should pay for property that is destroyed or damaged by governmental actions (Centner and Ferreira, 2012).…”

Section: Other Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Law

Centner

2014

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems

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“…The manipulative action of removing infected coral colonies is clearly a drastic management response with numerous challenges that include ethical considerations and regulatory permit complications, yet the rapid and near total collapse of local coral populations during this multiyear outbreak requires that drastic actions are needed to slow the spread of this and future diseases that threaten what remains of our already endangered coral reefs. Similar management policies have been implemented where large swaths of vegetation are commonly eradicated in terrestrial systems with varying degrees of success (Gottwald et al 2001, Sosnowski et al 2009, Centner and Ferreira 2012. This is a common practice, especially when valuable cash crops such as citrus groves are at risk from disease (Hall and Gottwald 2011).…”

Section: Management Responsibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure to respond to a coral disease outbreak: Potential costs and consequences

Precht¹

2019

Preprint

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A coral disease with white plague-like signs was observed near Virginia Key, Florida, in September 2014. The disease outbreak directly followed a regional high temperature coral-bleaching event. Now called stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), it has spread the length of the Florida Reef Tract from Key West to Martin County, a distance of about 450 km. Recently, the disease has also been observed at a number of sites throughout the Caribbean. The high prevalence of disease, the number of susceptible species, and the high mortality of corals affected suggests this outbreak is arguably one of the most lethal ever recorded. The initial response to this catastrophic disease by resource mangers with purview over the ecosystem was slow. There is generally a very short window of opportunity to intervene in disease amelioration or eradication in the marine environment. This slow response enabled the disease to spread unchecked. Why was the response to the loss of our coral reefs to a coral disease epidemic, such a massive failure? This includes our failure as scientists, regulators, resource managers, the local media, and policy makers alike. This review encapsulates the numerous reasons for our failures during the first few years of the outbreak. Specifically, I show how the Port Miami dredging project that was ongoing at the time of the initial outbreak created a distraction as local NGO's, regulatory agencies, and resource managers initially blamed the project for observed large-scale coral losses. However, detailed analysis of 650 tagged corals that were part of a repeated measures monitoring program required for permit compliance associated with the Port Miami dredge project reveal that both disease susceptibility and coral mortality are invariant with the results collected by a number of scientific teams throughout the region. Finally, when the agencies responded to the outbreak the effort it was too little and much too late to make a meaningful difference. Because of the languid management response to this outbreak, we are now sadly faced with a situation where much of our management efforts are focused on the rescue of genetic material from coral species now at risk of regional extinction.

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Ability of governments to take actions to confront incursions of diseases – a case study: citrus canker in Florida

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii for the EU territory

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii for the EU territory

Agricultural Law

Failure to respond to a coral disease outbreak: Potential costs and consequences

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