Ability to Delay Gratification and BMI in Preadolescence

Bruce, Amanda S.; Black, William R.; Bruce, Jared M.; Daldalian, Marina; Martin, Laura E.; Davis, Ann M.

doi:10.1038/oby.2010.297

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Hypothetical decision making means that consumers do not actually purchase the products but rather provide responses on what they would have purchased had these choices been available to them. This approach has a long tradition in behavioral economics research and, in many instances, has been shown to have strong external validity (48,49).…”

Section: Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental research on the relation between food price changes and food-purchasing patterns: a targeted review

Epstein¹,

Jankowiak²,

Nederkoorn³

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

180

179

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One way in which to modify food purchases is to change prices through tax policy, subsidy policy, or both. We reviewed the growing body of experimental research conducted in the laboratory and in the field that investigates the following: the extent to which price changes influence purchases of targeted and nontargeted foods, total energy, or macronutrients purchased; the interaction of price changes with adjunctive interventions; and moderators of sensitivity to price changes. After a brief overview of economic principles and observational research that addresses these issues, we present a targeted review of experimental research. Experimental research suggests that price changes modify purchases of targeted foods, but research on the overall nutritional quality of purchases is mixed because of substitution effects. There is mixed support for combining price changes with adjunctive interventions, and there are no replicated findings on moderators to price sensitivity in experiments. Additional focused research is needed to better inform food policy development with the aim of improving eating behavior and preventing obesity.

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Section: Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental research on the relation between food price changes and food-purchasing patterns: a targeted review

Epstein¹,

Jankowiak²,

Nederkoorn³

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

180

179

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“…For example, drug abuse and other addictive behaviors (e.g., gambling) are associated with deficiencies in both impulsive and risky choice (e.g., de Wit, 2008;Kreek, Nielsen, Butelman, & LaForge, 2005;Perry & Carroll, 2008), suggesting that addictive diseases may emerge from shared neural substrates. In contrast, obesity appears to be primarily associated with disordered impulsive choice (Braet, Claus, Verbeken, & Van Vlierberghe, 2007;Bruce et al, 2011;Duckworth, Tsukayama, & Geier, 2010;Nederkoorn, Braet, Van Eijs, Tanghe, & Jansen, 2006;Nederkoorn, Jansena, Mulkensa, & Jansena, 2007;Verdejo-Garcia et al, 2010;Weller, Cook, Avsar, & Cox, 2008). Understanding the behavioral phenotypes that may predict different disease patterns is particularly important because individual differences in traits such as impulsive choice are expressed at an early age and remain relatively stable during development (e.g., Mischel et al, 2011;Mischel, Shoda, & Rodriguez, 1989).…”

Section: Comparative Cognition and Behavior Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Individual Differences in Impulsive and Risky Choice in Rats

Kirkpatrick¹,

Marshall²,

Smith³

2015

CCBR

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Individual differences in impulsive and risky choice are key risk factors for a variety of maladaptive behaviors such as drug abuse, gambling, and obesity. In our rat model, ordered individual differences are stable across choice parameters and months of testing, and span a broad spectrum, suggesting that rats, like humans, exhibit trait-level impulsive and risky choice behaviors. In addition, impulsive and risky choices are highly correlated, suggesting a degree of correspondence between these two traits. An examination of the underlying cognitive mechanisms has suggested an important role for timing processes in impulsive choice. In addition, in an examination of genetic factors in impulsive choice, the Lewis rat strain emerged as a possible animal model for studying disordered impulsive choice, with this strain demonstrating deficient delay processing. Early rearing environment also affected impulsive behaviors, with rearing in an enriched environment promoting adaptable and more self-controlled choices. The combined results with impulsive choice suggest an important role for timing and reward sensitivity in moderating impulsive behaviors. Relative reward valuation also affects risky choice, with manipulation of objective reward value (relative to an alternative reference point) resulting in loss chasing behaviors that predicted overall risky choice behaviors. The combined results are discussed in relation to domain-specific versus domain-general subjective reward valuation processes and the potential neural substrates of impulsive and risky choice. Keywords: impulsive choice; risky choice; discounting; individual differences; ratImpulsive choice is measured by presenting a choice between a smaller reward that is available sooner (the SS) and a larger reward that is available later (the LL). Thus, the impulsive choice paradigm pits reward magnitude against delay to reward by essentially asking whether an individual is willing to wait longer to receive a better outcome (Mazur, 1987(Mazur, , 2007. Impulsive choice is indicated by preferences for the SS, particularly when those choices lead to less overall reward earning, and are thus maladaptive, whereas choices of the LL (when it is more objectively valuable) are indicative of greater self-control. Individual differences in impulsive choice are associated with numerous maladaptive behaviors and disorders such as: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Barkley, Edwards, Laneri, Fletcher, & Metevia, 2001;Solanto et al., 2001;Sonuga-Barke, 2002;Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992), pathological gambling (Alessi & Petry, 2003;MacKillop et al., 2011;Reynolds, Ortengren, Richards, & de Wit, 2006), obesity (Davis, Patte, Curtis, & Reid, 2010), and substance abuse (Bickel & Marsch, 2001). Additionally, impulsive choice has also been posited as a primary risk factor (MacKillop et al., 2011;Verdejo-García, Lawrence, & Clark, 2008) and 46 COMPARATIVE COGNITION & BEHAVIOR REVIEWSKirkpatrick, Marshall, and Smith predictor of treatment outcomes (Broos, Dierg...

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“…It was also found that obese and overweight children were less able to control impulses and/or delay gratification than healthy weight children [16].…”

Section: Problems and Disorders Associated With Inability To Delay Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Whiteside & Lynam [15] further stated that, impulsivity plays a prominent role in understanding and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders including ADHD (attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder), mania, bulimia nervosa, substance use disorder, and paraphilia. Bruce, Black, Bruce, Daldalian, Martin & Davis [16] also indicate the association between impulsivity and obesity. They stated that obese participants are more likely not to delay gratification than general participants.…”

Section: Problems and Disorders Associated With Inability To Delay Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicament Of Classification: Multisystem Small Vessel Vasculitis With Cresentic Glomerulonephritis

Magbri¹,

Rashid²,

Brar³

2018

Acta Psychopathol

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It is common to see people behaving in a way which will negatively affect their future goal for the sake of attaining immediate pleasure. Such need for instant gratification besiege people and make them to chase flimsy immediate gratification by abandoning awesome benefits awaiting them in long term. Studies indicated that such needs are among predictors of health and financial problems. Drug addiction, eating disorder, financial crisis and compulsive buying are the frequently sited problems associated with inability to delay gratification. Ability of delaying gratification on the other hand is among predictors of important life outcomes including good health, academic achievement and success. Nevertheless, people are different in their level of resisting temptation of attaining immediate goal. Thus, in this review an attempt is made to get deeper understanding on the possible predictor variables of impulsivity and measurement methods associated with it. Apart from what is frequently studied predictors, in this review, an attempt was made to see the role of external and contextual variables like parenting style, birth order and religiosity on delay of gratification. In line to this, I tried to address the consequences of chasing immediate gratification and some methodological issues regarding studies conducted in addressing gratification.

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Ability to Delay Gratification and BMI in Preadolescence

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Experimental research on the relation between food price changes and food-purchasing patterns: a targeted review

Experimental research on the relation between food price changes and food-purchasing patterns: a targeted review

Mechanisms of Individual Differences in Impulsive and Risky Choice in Rats

Predicament Of Classification: Multisystem Small Vessel Vasculitis With Cresentic Glomerulonephritis

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