Abiotic and bioaugmented granular activated carbon for the treatment of 1,4-dioxane-contaminated water

Effective and Rapid Removal of Polar Organic Micropollutants from Water by Amide Naphthotube‐Crosslinked Polymers

“…As shown in Figure 3d and S66, the removal efficiency reaches 95.8 %within 1minute.The adsorption kinetic data was fitted according to the pseudo-second-order adsorption model. [6,7,11] Theapparent adsorption rate constant (k obs )was determined to be 1.78 gmg À1 min À1 .T his shows that P2 is am uch faster adsorbent to 1,4-dioxane than pillar[n]arene crystals, [12] the resorcinarene-crosslinked polymers, [13] and granular activated carbon, [19] which require hours or days to reach equilibrium. Moreover,t his rate constant is also higher than the highest values obtained for the porous b-cyclodextrin polymers when adsorbing other organic micropollutants.…”

Effective and Rapid Removal of Polar Organic Micropollutants from Water by Amide Naphthotube‐Crosslinked Polymers

“…As shown in Figure 3d and S66, the removal efficiency reaches 95.8 %within 1minute.The adsorption kinetic data was fitted according to the pseudo-second-order adsorption model. [6,7,11] Theapparent adsorption rate constant (k obs )was determined to be 1.78 gmg À1 min À1 .T his shows that P2 is am uch faster adsorbent to 1,4-dioxane than pillar[n]arene crystals, [12] the resorcinarene-crosslinked polymers, [13] and granular activated carbon, [19] which require hours or days to reach equilibrium. Moreover,t his rate constant is also higher than the highest values obtained for the porous b-cyclodextrin polymers when adsorbing other organic micropollutants.…”

Mechanisms of 1,4-Dioxane Biodegradation and Adsorption by Bio-Zeolite in the Presence of Chlorinated Solvents: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies

“…1,4-Dioxane biodegradation mediated by various microorganisms has been well documented . While biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane has been demonstrated as an effective treatment mechanism with pure cultures, − mixed cultures, and indigenous microorganisms, one of its primary drawbacks is the sensitivity of microbial activity to environmental conditions, including inhibitory cocontaminants such as CVOCs. , Until recently, adsorption was thought to be an ineffective means of removing 1,4-dioxane from water because of its high aqueous solubility and low octanol–water partitioning coefficient. ,, Some adsorbents have been studied for 1,4-dioxane removal capabilities, such as activated carbon (Norit 1240 GAC; a maximum adsorption capacity of ∼38 mg/g), a synthetic polymeric adsorbent (Ambersorb 560; an adsorption capacity of ∼40 mg/g at an aqueous equilibrium concentration of 80 mg/L), and a titanium silicalite zeolite (TS-1; a maximum adsorption capacity of 85.17 mg/g). However, few adsorbents have been reported to provide sufficient capacity for 1,4-dioxane or have considered their removal capabilities in the presence of CVOCs.…”

“…A newer approach to treat recalcitrant environmental contaminants is combining physical or chemical treatments with biological processes to create synergies that increase the overall removal efficiency and sustainability relative to the individual processes. Several successful examples of this have combined chemical oxidation, , electrochemical oxidation, and adsorption , with biodegradation for 1,4-dioxane treatment. Although abiotic adsorption is in many cases an effective removal method for recalcitrant environmental contaminants, it does have some drawbacks as previously discussed, namely, the capacity of the adsorbent.…”

“…Although abiotic adsorption is in many cases an effective removal method for recalcitrant environmental contaminants, it does have some drawbacks as previously discussed, namely, the capacity of the adsorbent. Several additional drawbacks of abiotic adsorption are the inherent reversibility of the adsorption process and the nondestructive nature of adsorption as a contaminant treatment process. , Bioaugmenting adsorbents such as zeolite or granular activated carbon (GAC) have been attempted for other groundwater contaminants or in applications such as wastewater treatment as a way of improving the biodegradation or adsorption processes. , Our recent study considered using bioaugmented GAC (bio-GAC) to treat 1,4-dioxane in contrast to abiotic GAC and found that bio-GAC was able to remove 1,4-dioxane from water to lower levels with an extended capacity when compared with an equal mass of abiotic GAC . Furthermore, bio-GAC drastically reduced the amount of 1,4-dioxane that was able to desorb with successive water washing steps when compared with abiotic GAC because of the destructive mechanism of biodegradation .…”