The influence of habitat quality on a species' demographics is critical for understanding its ecology and effective conservation. However, quantifying habitat quality is problematic because it may comprise of abiotic components at different spatial scales and also be influenced by biotic processes. This study investigated the relationship between reef-associated Caribbean fishes and habitat quality at 2 spatial scales: (1) multiple characteristics of Montastraea annularis coral colonies (<1 m 2 ) and (2) coral density in a 5 × 5 m plot around each microhabitat. Furthermore, the influence on habitat quality of 2 biotic factors (predation pressure and interactions between competitively superior territorial damselfishes and other species) was considered. A total of 102 M. annularis colonies within thirty 25 m 2 plots were surveyed on a Belizean forereef. Generalised linear mixed-effect models demonstrated that both damselfishes and other reefassociated species were correlated with colony-scale habitat quality (more abundant on taller, refuge-rich colonies). Adult reef-associated species were also correlated with larger-scale habitat quality, being more abundant on colonies with high densities of other Montastraea colonies within 25 m 2 (probably higher quality home ranges). However, the presence of damselfishes was associated with reduced abundances of other reef-associated species on M. annularis colonies, reflecting the importance of both biotic and abiotic controls of habitat quality. On reefs, coral mortality will reduce the density of optimal colonies and potentially increase the proportion occupied by damselfishes. This may lead to smaller populations of inferior competitors as they are increasingly displaced onto sub-optimal microhabitats.
KEY WORDS:Anthropogenic stress · Community ecology · Ecosystem degradation · Fish behaviour · Fish recruitment 437: 201-214, 2011 202 est threat to the survival of species worldwide (Barbault & Sastrapradja 1995).
Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog SerCoral-reef fishes represent an excellent model system for investigating the controls of habitat quality. Reef fishes are diverse, relatively easy to census, and many species are closely associated with benthic communities that provide them with spatially variable resources at a range of scales. For example, coral growth and bioerosion creates small-scale crevices that are critical for most reef-associated fishes (Hixon & Beets 1993), and corals providing such refuges support higher abundances of fishes (Holbrook et al. 2002). These refuges provide foraging, spawning, and nesting sites (Robertson & Sheldon 1979), can help fishes maintain themselves in high-flow environments (Johansen et al. 2008), and sheltering in refuges reduces the high risk of predation on reefs (Hixon 1991). Loss of this scale of complexity, from stressors such as bleaching and hurricanes, has been demonstrated to have dramatic effects on reef-associated species (Jones & Syms 1998, Wil...