Abiotic and Biotic Stressors Causing Equivalent Mortality Induce Highly Variable Transcriptional Responses in the Soybean Aphid

Enders, Laramy; Bickel, Ryan D.; Brisson, Jennifer A.; Heng-Moss, Tiffany; Siegfried, Blair D.; Zera, Anthony J.; Miller, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1534/g3.114.015149

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…frigida exhibited at least 1, 138 differently expressed genes in comparison to grass-fed insects. This agrees with previous studies showing increased transcription with increased stress [48]. In our case, we know that feeding on A .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Diet alters performance and transcription patterns in Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) grasshoppers

Huang

Whitman

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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We reared Oedaleus asiaticus grasshoppers under four different single-plant diets to examine the relationships among diet, performance, stress, and transcription patterns. Grasshoppers fed only Artemisia frigida (Asteraceae) were stressed, as indicated by their lower growth, size, development, and survival, in comparison to grasshoppers fed on any of three grasses, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Leymus chinensis, or Stipa krylovii (all Poaceae). We then used transcriptome analysis to examine how gene expression levels in O. asiaticus were altered by feeding on these diets. Nymphs fed A. frigida had the largest variation in gene expression profiles with a total of 299 genes significantly up- or down-regulated compared to those feeding on the three grasses: down-regulated genes included those involved in cuticle biosynthesis, DNA replication, biosynthesis and metabolism of nutrition. The up-regulated genes included stress-resistant and detoxifying enzymes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis also showed that feeding on A. frigida could down-regulate biosynthesis and metabolism related pathways, and up-regulate stress-resistant and detoxification terms and pathways. Our results show that diet significantly altered gene-expression, and that unfavorable, stressful diets induce more transcriptional changes than favorable diets. Altered gene-expression represents phenotypic plasticity, and many such changes appear to be evolved, adaptive responses. The ease and regularity by which individuals shift phenotypes via altered transcription suggests that populations consist not of similar, fixed phenotypes, but of a collection of ever-changing, divergent phenotypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Diet alters performance and transcription patterns in Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) grasshoppers

Huang

Whitman

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…), including a recent study of the starvation response in the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Enders et al . ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The genomewide transcriptional response underlying the pea aphid wing polyphenism

2016

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Phenotypic plasticity is a key life history strategy used by many plants and animals living in heterogeneous environments. A multitude of studies have investigated the costs and limits of plasticity, as well as the conditions under which it evolves. Much less well understood are the molecular genetic mechanisms that enable an organism to sense its environment and respond in a plastic manner. The pea aphid wing polyphenism is a compelling laboratory model to study these mechanisms. In this polyphenism, environmental stressors like high density cause asexual, viviparous adult female aphids to change the development of their embryos from wingless to winged morphs. The life history tradeoffs between the two morphs have been intensively studied, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. We therefore performed a genome-wide study of the maternal transcriptome at two time points with and without a crowding stress to discover the maternal molecular changes that lead to the development of winged versus wingless offspring. We observed significant transcriptional changes in genes associated with odorant binding, neurotransmitter transport, hormonal activity, and chromatin remodeling in the maternal transcriptome. We also found that titers of serotonin, dopamine, and octopamine were higher in solitary compared to crowded aphids. We use these results to posit a model for how maternal signals inform a developing embryo to be winged or wingless. Our findings add significant insights into the identity of the molecular mechanisms that underlie environmentally induced morph determination and suggest a possible role for biogenic amine regulation in polyphenisms generally.

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“…Heat-induced expression of heat shock proteins and sorbitol accumulation also take part in thermotolerance of some host insects (Fares et al, 2002;Harcombe and Hoffmann, 2004;Nguyen et al, 2007;Brumin et al, 2011;Ratzka et al, 2011;Maistrenko et al, 2016). Previous studies reported the effects of some secondary symbionts in aphid and whitefly which cause or contribute to the thermotolerance of the host insects (Ghanim, 2014;Enders et al, 2015). In aphid, thermotolerance can be affected by a primary symbiont B. aphidicola (Dunbar et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different temperature regimes on survival of Diaphorina citri and its endosymbiotic bacterial communities

Hussain

Akutse

Keppanan

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is a major pest of citrus and vector of citrus greening (huanglongbing) in Asian. In our field-collected psyllid samples, we discovered that Fuzhou (China) and Faisalabad (Pakistan), populations harbored an obligate primary endosymbiont Candidatus Carsonella (gen. nov.) with a single species, Candidatus Carsonella ruddii (sp. nov.) and a secondary endosymbiont, Wolbachia surface proteins (WSP) which are intracellular endosymbionts residing in the bacteriomes. Responses of these symbionts to different temperatures were examined and their host survival assessed. Diagnostic PCR assays showed that the endosymbionts infection rates were not significantly reduced in both D. citri populations after 24 h exposure to cold or heat treatments. Although quantitative PCR assays showed significant reduction of WSP relative densities at 40°C for 24 h, a substantial decrease occurred as the exposure duration increased beyond 3 days. Under the same temperature regimes, Ca. C. ruddii density was initially less affected during the first exposure day, but rapidly reduced at 3-5 days compared to WSP. However, the mortality of the psyllids increased rapidly as exposure time to heat treatment increased. The responses of the two symbionts to unfavorable temperature regimes highlight the complex host-symbionts interactions between D. citri and its associated endosymbionts.

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Abiotic and Biotic Stressors Causing Equivalent Mortality Induce Highly Variable Transcriptional Responses in the Soybean Aphid

Cited by 29 publications

References 79 publications

Diet alters performance and transcription patterns in Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) grasshoppers

Diet alters performance and transcription patterns in Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) grasshoppers

The genomewide transcriptional response underlying the pea aphid wing polyphenism

Effects of different temperature regimes on survival of Diaphorina citri and its endosymbiotic bacterial communities

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