Abiotic Stress Signaling in Plants–An Overview

Gill, Sarvajeet Singh; Anjum, Nishat; Gill, Ritu; Tuteja, Narendra

doi:10.1002/9783527694570.ch1

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…When plants are exposed to any form of stress, there are drastic changes which occurs both at molecular and cellular level in order to tolerate the stress factors ( Gill et al 2016 ). Reactive oxygen species is an oxidant substance being produced continuously from the respiring cells, and plants have an elaborate mechanism to keep the level within nontoxic limit, but when stresses such as drought sets in, the ROS equilibrium shifts leading to excessive production.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cotton Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA2)Genes Promote Root Growth and Confer Drought Stress Tolerance in TransgenicArabidopsis thaliana

Magwanga

Kirungu

et al. 2018

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play key roles in plant drought tolerance. In this study, 157, 85 and 89 candidate LEA2 proteins were identified in G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii respectively. LEA2 genes were classified into 6 groups, designated as group 1 to 6. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed orthologous gene pairs within the cotton genome. The cotton specific LEA2 motifs identified were E, R and D in addition to Y, K and S motifs. The genes were distributed on all chromosomes. LEA2s were found to be highly enriched in non-polar, aliphatic amino acid residues, with leucine being the highest, 9.1% in proportion. The miRNA, ghr-miR827a/b/c/d and ghr-miR164 targeted many genes are known to be drought stress responsive. Various stress-responsive regulatory elements, ABA-responsive element (ABRE), Drought-responsive Element (DRE/CRT), MYBS and low-temperature-responsive element (LTRE) were detected. Most genes were highly expressed in leaves and roots, being the primary organs greatly affected by water deficit. The expression levels were much higher in G. tomentosum as opposed to G. hirsutum. The tolerant genotype had higher capacity to induce more of LEA2 genes. Over expression of the transformed gene Cot_AD24498 showed that the LEA2 genes are involved in promoting root growth and in turn confers drought stress tolerance. We therefore infer that Cot_AD24498, CotAD_20020, CotAD_21924 and CotAD_59405 could be the candidate genes with profound functions under drought stress in upland cotton among the LEA2 genes. The transformed Arabidopsis plants showed higher tolerance levels to drought stress compared to the wild types. There was significant increase in antioxidants, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) accumulation, increased root length and significant reduction in oxidants, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the leaves of transformed lines under drought stress condition. This study provides comprehensive analysis of LEA2 proteins in cotton thus forms primary foundation for breeders to utilize these genes in developing drought tolerant genotypes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cotton Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA2)Genes Promote Root Growth and Confer Drought Stress Tolerance in TransgenicArabidopsis thaliana

Magwanga

Kirungu

et al. 2018

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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“…In general, abiotic stresses limit plant performance by reducing plant growth, development and yield. To counteract the adverse effects caused by abiotic stresses, plants have evolved stress response mechanisms that can be constitutive or activated upon exposure to the stress conditions (Gill et al ). One critical component of plant stress response mechanisms is the transcriptional regulation of plant genes through the action of plant transcription factors in response to environmental stresses (Zhu et al , Kim et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in plant responses to abiotic stresses

Wang

Ding

Cai

et al. 2018

Physiologia Plantarum

124

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Abiotic stresses are important factors affecting plant growth and development and limiting agricultural production worldwide. Plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to respond and adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions. C2H2 zinc finger proteins form a relatively large family of transcriptional regulators in plants. Recent studies have revealed that C2H2 zinc finger proteins function as key transcriptional regulators in plant responses to a wide spectrum of stress conditions, including extreme temperatures, salinity, drought, oxidative stress, excessive light and silique shattering. Here, we summarize recent functional analysis on C2H2 zinc finger proteins in plant responses to abiotic stresses and discuss their roles as part of a large regulatory network in the perception and responses by plants to different environmental stimuli.

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“…The products of these stress-responsive genes control several physiological processes such as stomatal closure and synthesis of hormones and metabolites (reviewed in ref. 7). In recent years, regulatory small noncoding RNAs (snRNAs) such as short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels8.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep sequencing of wheat sRNA transcriptome reveals distinct temporal expression pattern of miRNAs in response to heat, light and UV

Ragupathy

Ravichandran

Mahdi

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Understanding of plant adaptation to abiotic stresses has implications in plant breeding, especially in the context of climate change. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs play a crucial role in gene regulation. Here, wheat plants were exposed to one of the following stresses: continuous light, heat or ultraviolet radiations over five consecutive days and leaf tissues from three biological replicates were harvested at 0, 1, 2, 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment (DAT). A total of 72 small RNA libraries were sequenced on the Illumina platform generating ~524 million reads corresponding to ~129 million distinct tags from which 232 conserved miRNAs were identified. The expression levels of 1, 2 and 79 miRNAs were affected by ultraviolet radiation, continuous light and heat, respectively. Approximately 55% of the differentially expressed miRNAs were downregulated at 0 and 1 DAT including miR398, miR528 and miR156 that control mRNAs involved in activation of signal transduction pathways and flowering. Other putative targets included histone variants and methyltransferases. These results suggest a temporal miRNA-guided post-transcriptional regulation that enables wheat to respond to abiotic stresses, particularly heat. Designing novel wheat breeding strategies such as regulatory genebased marker assisted selection depends on accurate identification of stress induced miRNAs.Plant speciation and long term adaptation to specific ecological niches involve genetic mutations and selection 1 . However, rapid adaptation to sudden exposure to abiotic stresses entails regulation of gene expression. In general, plants adapt to stress conditions by inducing an array of stress-responsive genes that are precisely regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. Plant adaptation to environmental stress begins with its perception by sensory kinases followed by activation of signal transduction pathways culminating in expression modulation of regulatory as well as structural genes. Stress perception induces rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in cytosolic calcium (Ca 2+ ) 2 . ROS and Ca 2+ oscillation operate as secondary messengers to activate signal transduction pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) 3,4 . Upon activation, MAPKs are imported into the nucleus where they phosphorylate stress-specific regulatory components such as transcription factors that modulate gene expression 5,6 . The products of these stress-responsive genes control several physiological processes such as stomatal closure and synthesis of hormones and metabolites (reviewed in ref. 7). In recent years, regulatory small noncoding RNAs (snRNAs) such as short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels 8 . Small RNAs (sRNAs), which are approximately 18-24 nt long, are classified based on differences in their biogenesis and function. Small RNAs derived from

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Abiotic Stress Signaling in Plants–An Overview

Cited by 18 publications

References 136 publications

Cotton Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA2)Genes Promote Root Growth and Confer Drought Stress Tolerance in TransgenicArabidopsis thaliana

Cotton Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA2)Genes Promote Root Growth and Confer Drought Stress Tolerance in TransgenicArabidopsis thaliana

The role of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in plant responses to abiotic stresses

Deep sequencing of wheat sRNA transcriptome reveals distinct temporal expression pattern of miRNAs in response to heat, light and UV

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