A new phytoplankton-based method (the Phytoplankton Metric for Polish Lakes -PMPL) for the ecological status assessment of lakes has been developed in Poland. This method has not been validated and tested on independent data, hence the aim of the study was to check the applicability of this method and the sensitivity of different phytoplankton metrics along pressure gradient. Phytoplankton data were collected from 33 Polish lowland lakes (20 stratified, 13 non-stratified), during the growth season in the period from 2005 to 2009. The biomass of phytoplankton was calculated from cell volume measurements and chlorophyll a concentration was determined spectrophotometrically by the alcohol method. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations were determined by standard methods (PN-EN ISO 6878:2006p.7 and PN-EN 25663:2001, respectively) and water transparency was measured using a Secchi disk.For comparability, an ecological status was determined according to three phytoplankton-based methods: Polish, German and Hungarian. Polish metrics showed a strong correlation with the other metrics (German, Hungarian), which are broadly and successfully used for assessment in Europe. However, a statistically significant correlation was found between all the metric values and the main parameters: total phosphorus, total nitrogen and Secchi disk visibility. The metrics based on quantitative phytoplankton features were more sensitive to the growth of eutrophication than others, based on indicator taxa. Total phosphorus demonstrated a stronger relationship with the tested metrics than total nitro-290 gen. Phytoplankton metrics reacted quite well to pressure gradients because of the decreasing tendency of metric values along the TP and TN gradient and an increasing tendency along the Secchi disk visibility gradient. The multimetric PMPL may be recommended as useful for the assessment of the ecological status of Polish lakes.Key words: WFD, ecological status assessment, phytoplankton-based method, PMPL, PSI, Q Index.
ODPOWIEDZ METRIKSÓW FITOPLANKTONOWYCH NA WZROST GRADIENTU FOSFORU I AZOTU W JEZIORACH P£YTKICHAbstrakt W Polsce opracowano now¹ metodê do oceny stanu ekologicznego jezior na podstawie fitoplanktonu (polski multimetriks fitoplanktonowy -PMPL). Metoda ta nie zosta³a zwalidowana i przetestowana na niezale¿nych danych. Celem badañ by³o sprawdzenie mo¿liwo-oeci zastosowania tej metody oraz wra¿liwooeci ró¿nych metriksów fitoplanktonowych na gradient presji. Polskie metriksy wykazywa³y siln¹ korelacjê z innymi metriksami (niemieckimi i wê-gierskim), które s¹ szeroko stosowane do oceny stanu ekologicznego w Europie. Statystycznie istotne korelacje wykazano równie¿ miêdzy wartooeciami metriksów a g³ównymi parametrami presji, fosforem i azotem ogólnym oraz widzialnooeci¹ kr¹¿ka Secchi'ego. Metriksy oparte na cechach ilooeciowych fitoplanktonu by³y bardziej wra¿liwe na wzrost stopnia eutrofizacji ni¿ inne, oparte na taksonach wskaŸnikowych. Fosfor ogólny wykazywa³ silniejszy zwi¹zek z testowanymi metriksami ni¿ azot ...