Ablation behavior of glass fiber reinforced polybenzoxazine composites irradiated by high energy continuous-wave laser

Ma, Chen; Ma, Zhuang; Gao, Lihong; Liu, Yanbo; Li, Hezhang; Lv, Yuwei; Wang, Fuchi

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ab1ef1

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This result denoted that also outside of the laser beam, resin and fiber decomposed and sublimated due to the high temperature. The above phenomena are similar to those observed for thermoset composites, in which the diameter of the ablation zone was larger than that of the laser spot, and the energy of the laser damaged the vicinity of the ablation center through heat conduction [10,11,15,30]. Because the temperature in the direct laser irradiation region was extremely high, a high-temperature zone also formed in the surrounding area due to heat conduction and convection, which caused the PAEK resin to fuse and the CF to sublimate, resulting in a significantly larger damage projection diameter of the upper surface with respect to that of the spot.…”

Section: Morphology and Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Multidirectional composites showed a higher damage threshold than unidirectional composites because of their uniform thermal conductivity. Ma et al [10] analyzed the ablation behavior of glass/polybenzoxazole composites under continuous-wave (CW) laser irradiation and characterized the morphology as well as measured the mass ablation rate after ablation under different power densities. It was found that laser parameters such as power density and irradiation time have significant effects on the damage of composite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Ablation Mechanism and Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Poly Aryl Ether Ketone (PAEK) Composites

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The ablation mechanism and performance of carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced poly aryl ether ketone (PAEK) thermoplastic composites were studied in this paper. The results show that the ablation damaged area is controlled by the irradiation energy, while the mass loss rate is controlled by the irradiation power density. In the ablation center, the PAEK resin and CFs underwent decomposition and sublimation in an anaerobic environment. In the transition zone, the resin experienced decomposition and remelting in an aerobic environment, and massive char leaves were present in the cross section. In the heat-affected zone, only remelting of the resin was observed. The fusion and decomposition of the resin caused delamination and pores in the composites. Moreover, oxygen appeared crucial to the ablation morphology of CFs. In an aerobic environment, a regular cross section formed, while in an anaerobic environment, a cortex–core structure formed. The cortex–core structure of CF inside the ablation pit was caused by the inhomogeneity of fibers along the radial direction and the residual carbon layer generated by resin decomposition in an anoxic environment. The description of the ablation mechanism presented in this study broadens our understanding of damage evolution in thermoplastic composites subjected to high-energy CW laser irradiation.

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Section: Morphology and Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Ablation Mechanism and Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Poly Aryl Ether Ketone (PAEK) Composites

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…Polybenzoxazine (PBO) is a new type of functional resin. − It has emerged as a thermal protection material in aerospace and has been favored by researchers because of its high charring yield and machinability, − showing potential ablative characteristics, superior mechanical strength, and resistance to high temperatures even in an oxygen atmosphere. However, PBO material exhibits a relatively high density and thermal conductivity due to the densified structure of the thermosetting PBO resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Polybenzoxazine Aerogels for Thermally Insulating and Self-Extinguishing Materials in Aerospace Applications

Xiong

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Phenolic-based aerogel composites possess particular characteristics, such as low thermal conductivity, light weight, and superior ablative properties, in near-space vehicles. However, their machinability and flammability require further improvement, hampering their application for high-performance thermal protection systems in the aerospace field. Here, we prepare nanoporous polybenzoxazine (PBO) aerogels with outstanding thermally insulating and self-extinguishing properties by an effective-cost ambient pressure drying (APD) approach rather than a conventional high-pressure supercritical drying pattern. The PBO aerogels are prepared by adopting different exchange solvents of tert-butyl alcohol, ethanol, and n-hexane. The results obtained indicate that PBO aerogels (with n-hexane as the exchange solvent) by APD have an optimal three-dimensional nanoporous network structure, a pore size distribution in the range 20−140 nm, an obvious self-extinguishing property (extinguished itself instantly despite exposure to a 1200 °C flame), superior thermal insulation (the cold surface temperature of the sample reached only 36.4 °C after 400 s despite its opposite surface existing at a 65.8 °C atmosphere), and excellent machinable properties (easy-to-form special-shaped sample). PBO aerogels are a great potential candidate material system for thermal protection systems in aerospace applications in the future.

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“…Traditional laser protection materials fail at a certain temperature, but polybenzoxazines' high thermal stability and char yield make it a promising material for laser protective coatings [129]. Xu et al [129] studied laser protective coatings, while Ma et al [130] studied laser ablation behavior on polybenzoxazine-based composites. Laser protective coatings are an important design component for aircraft materials.…”

Section: Extreme Property Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polybenzoxazines high char yield makes it a promising ablation material. The authors studied the ablation behavior of various polybenzoxazine-based composites through high-intensity continuous laser irradiation tests [129] and analyzed the high energy laser-induced damage mechanisms [130].…”

Section: Extreme Property Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Carbon Materials Derived from Polybenzoxazines: A Review

et al. 2021

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This comprehensive review article summarizes the key properties and applications of advanced carbonaceous materials obtained from polybenzoxazines. Identification of several thermal degradation products that arose during carbonization allowed for several different mechanisms (both competitive ones and independent ones) of carbonization, while also confirming the thermal stability of benzoxazines. Electrochemical properties of polybenzoxazine-derived carbon materials were also examined, noting particularly high pseudocapacitance and charge stability that would make benzoxazines suitable as electrodes. Carbon materials from benzoxazines are also highly versatile and can be synthesized and prepared in a number of ways including as films, foams, nanofibers, nanospheres, and aerogels/xerogels, some of which provide unique properties. One example of the special properties is that materials can be porous not only as aerogels and xerogels, but as nanofibers with highly tailorable porosity, controlled through various preparation techniques including, but not limited to, the use of surfactants and silica nanoparticles. In addition to the high and tailorable porosity, benzoxazines have several properties that make them good for numerous applications of the carbonized forms, including electrodes, batteries, gas adsorbents, catalysts, shielding materials, and intumescent coatings, among others. Extreme thermal and electrical stability also allows benzoxazines to be used in harsher conditions, such as in aerospace applications.

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Ablation behavior of glass fiber reinforced polybenzoxazine composites irradiated by high energy continuous-wave laser

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Laser Ablation Mechanism and Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Poly Aryl Ether Ketone (PAEK) Composites

Laser Ablation Mechanism and Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Poly Aryl Ether Ketone (PAEK) Composites

Nanoporous Polybenzoxazine Aerogels for Thermally Insulating and Self-Extinguishing Materials in Aerospace Applications

Advanced Carbon Materials Derived from Polybenzoxazines: A Review

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