“…In recent decades, experimental studies on chemical ablation of the cystic duct and gallbladder in vitro and in vivo in animals have demonstrated that many sclerosants, such as 95% ethanol, 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate, 5% tetracycline, and 5% trifluoroacetic acid, function to ablate the gallbladder mucosa [2,11,14]. A few clinical applications and short time of follow-up were reported, and different results were obtained [1,5,10]. In order to investigate whether minicholecystostomy followed by gallbladder ablation may be used as an alternative to cholecystectomy, based on our animal experiments and preliminary clinical observations [15], minicholecystostomy was performed in high-risk patients with cholelithiasis and/or acute cholecystitis, and chemical ablation of the gallbladder in clinical application and long-term observations are reported here.…”