Abnormal Interactions of the Salience Network, Central Executive Network, and Default-Mode Network in Patients With Different Cognitive Impairment Loads Caused by Leukoaraiosis

Chen, Hongyan; Li, Yuexiu; Liu, Qi; Shi, Qingli; Wang, Jingfang; Shen, Huicong; Chen, Xuzhu; Ma, Jun; Lin, Aiming; Zhang, Yu Mei

doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00042

Cited by 31 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Our findings suggest that the increase in the right posterior parietal cortex might be a compensation effect of the decline in DMN FC. This indicates an antagonistic and complementary relationship between DMN and ECN, which is consistent with the findings of a previous study (44). These findings replicate those of previous studies on patients with AD and, importantly, on patients with aMCI, proving that our experimental design and system were reliable.…”

Section: Findings In Accordance With Previous Studies On Ad and Amcisupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in Brain Function Networks in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are at high risk of developing dementia. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and an independent component analysis (ICA) approach to explore changes in functional connectivity (FC) in the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN). Thirty patients with aMCI and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. All the participants underwent an rs-fMRI scan. The brain FC in DMN, ECN, and SN was calculated using the ICA approach. We found that the FC of brain regions in DMN decreased significantly and that of brain regions in ECN increased, which was in accordance with the findings of previous studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aMCI. We also found that the FC of brain regions in SN increased, which was different from the findings of previous studies on AD. The increase in FC in brain regions in SN might result from different pathophysiological states in AD and aMCI, indicating that a decrease in FC in SN does not occur in a person with aMCI. These results are consistent with those of previous studies using the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity approach and seed-based correlation analysis. We therefore considered that the decrease in FC in DMN and the increase in FC in ECN and SN might be peculiar patterns observed on the rs-fMRI of a person with aMCI. These findings may contribute to the development of imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of aMCI.

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Section: Findings In Accordance With Previous Studies On Ad and Amcisupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in Brain Function Networks in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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“…For example, microstructural WM disruption has been documented in ILA, such as the frontal WM tracts and corpus callosum (Yamauchi et al, 2000 ; Jokinen et al, 2007 ; Viana-Baptista et al, 2008 ; Wang et al, 2017 ). Moreover, resting-state functional MRI studies have also shown ILA-related alterations in functional connectivity (Chen et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2019a , b ). Therefore, the ILA-related increases in the absolute and normalized path lengths and decreases in the network efficiency might be attributed to disconnections between brain regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diffusion tensor imaging studies on ILA have demonstrated white matter (WM) changes, especially in the fronto-subcortical circuits (Viana-Baptista et al, 2008 ; Yuan et al, 2017 ). Additionally, evidence from functional brain connectome studies on ILA has further shown the involvement of the dysfunction of several networks in ILA, including the default mode network, frontoparietal network, dorsal attention network, salience network and corticostriatal network (Chen et al, 2016 , 2019 ; Liu et al, 2019a , b ). These studies have suggested that “brain network dysfunction” may be the best explanatory model for illuminating the neurobiological pathway underlying cognitive impairment in ILA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Disorganization of Small-World Brain Networks in Patients With Ischemic Leukoaraiosis

Zhu

Lü

Xie

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Cognitive impairment is a key clinical feature of ischemic leukoaraiosis (ILA); however, the underlying neurobiological mechanism is still unclear. ILA has been associated with widespread gray and white matter (WM) damage mainly located in cortical-cortical and cortico-subcortical pathways. A total of 36 patients with ILA (Fazekas rating score ≥2) and 31 healthy controls (HCs) underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments (covering four cognitive domains, i.e., information processing speed, episodic memory, executive and visuospatial function) and resting-state functional MRI scans. Graph theory-based analyses were employed to explore the topological organization of the brain connectome in ILA patients, and we further sought to explore the associations of connectome-based metrics and neuropsychological performances. An efficient small-world architecture in the functional brain connectome was observed in the ILA and control groups. Moreover, compared with the HCs, the ILA patients showed increased path length and decreased network efficiency (i.e., global and local efficiency) in their functional brain networks. Further network-based statistic (NBS) analysis revealed a functional-disconnected network in ILA, which is comprised of functional connections linking different brain modules (i.e., default mode, frontoparietal, ventral attention and limbic systems) and connections within single modules (i.e., ventral attention and limbic systems). Intriguingly, the abnormal network metrics correlated with cognitive deficits in ILA patients. Therefore, our findings provide further evidence to support the concept that ILA pathologies could disrupt brain connections, impairing network functioning, and cognition via a "disconnection syndrome."

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“…Previous studies have shown that long-term persistent epileptiform discharges are the cause of cognitive decline in patients with BECTS [3,37]. Recent studies have shown that in patients with a long course of epilepsy, long-term continuous spike discharges will interfere with and reorganize brain functional networks, resulting in the decline of cognitive function [15,38]. Interictal long-term spike discharges may be one of the risk factors for cognitive decline in BECTS.…”

Section: Clinical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the resting state, the brain is active in an organized way, and this active network is called the default mode network (DMN), which includes the PCC, the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus), dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus, and bilateral angular gyrus [40]. The DMN is thought to be involved in human cognitive function [38,41]. Our study showed that in children with BECTS with cognitive decline, abnormal magnetic source activity was concentrated in the DMN region and was in a state of inactivation compared with healthy children.…”

Section: Source Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between neuromagnetic activity and cognitive function in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

Sun

Niu

et al. 2020

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Our aim was to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive function changes in early untreated children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). Methods: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was performed in 33 children with BECTS and 18 healthy children. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fourth edition (WISC-IV) was used to divide children with BECTS into two groups. Normal cognitive function was defined as a full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) of N 80, while decreased cognitive function was defined as a FSIQ of b 80. Accumulated source imaging was used to evaluate the neuromagnetic source activity in multifrequency bands. Results: Of the 33 patients with early untreated BECTS, a total of 17 had a FSIQ of b 80 and 16 had FSIQ of N 80. The course of epilepsy and number of seizures in the FSIQ b80 group were higher than that in the FSIQ N 80 group. Our MEG results showed that in the 4-8 Hz frequency band, both patient groups had inactivation of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) region compared with the healthy control group. In the 30-80 Hz frequency band, the FSIQ b 80 group showed inactivation of the PCC region compared with both the healthy control group and the FSIQ N 80 group. In the 80-250 Hz frequency band, the FSIQ b80 group had inactivated of the medial frontal cortex (MFC) region compared with the healthy control group. In the 30-80 Hz frequency band, the strength of neuromagnetic source in patients with BECTS with FSIQ b80 was higher than that in the FSIQ N 80 group and the healthy control group. Conclusions: The magnetic source inactivation of the MFC and PCC regions during the interictal time may be the reason for cognitive decline in early untreated children with BECTS. Children with BECTS with cognitive decline had a longer course of epilepsy and more seizures. The magnetic source localization in the 4-8 Hz frequency band may be a new imaging marker for the diagnosis of new BECTS.

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Abnormal Interactions of the Salience Network, Central Executive Network, and Default-Mode Network in Patients With Different Cognitive Impairment Loads Caused by Leukoaraiosis

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Changes in Brain Function Networks in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Changes in Brain Function Networks in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Functional Disorganization of Small-World Brain Networks in Patients With Ischemic Leukoaraiosis

The relationship between neuromagnetic activity and cognitive function in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

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