Abnormalities Affecting Reproductive Function of Male Animals

Parkinson, T. J.; McGowan, Michael

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-7233-8.00036-7

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…[5][6][7] In cases of cryptorchidism, spermatogenesis was negatively affected in retained testis due to exposure to elevated temperatures within the abdomen, whereas a descended testis remained normal. 8 Despite the difference in normal spermatogenesis, testosterone production was not affected in the retained testis. 8 Tumors have been reported in undescended testes in bulls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Use of chain écraseur for removal of retained abdominal testis in a bull

Yepez¹,

Hall²,

Grippo³

et al. 2020

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Banteng bullA 4 year old Banteng bull was presented to the University of Tennessee for a routine castration. On physical examination, it was determined that the bull’s right testis had not descended and thus was deemed cryptorchid. Right testis was not palpable in the inguinal canal nor visible via ultrasonography of caudal abdomen. Due to the likelihood that the testis was located in the abdomen, surgery under general anesthesia was elected. Because of its location close to right kidney, manual removal became difficult. An écraseur was successfully utilized to remove the retained testis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…8 Despite the difference in normal spermatogenesis, testosterone production was not affected in the retained testis. 8 Tumors have been reported in undescended testes in bulls. 9 Diagnosis is usually via transrectal palpation or ultrasonography and may be inconclusive in some cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Use of chain écraseur for removal of retained abdominal testis in a bull

Yepez¹,

Hall²,

Grippo³

et al. 2020

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“…Injuries to the prepuce of breeding beef bulls are common, particularly those of Bos indicus influence as a result of certain anatomical arrangements. 1,2 Although the etiology of this condition may appear straightforward, a variety of factors have been linked to preputial prolapse occurrence in bulls: genotype, 3,4 breed, [5][6][7] innate sheath conformation, [8][9][10] bovine herpes virus (BHV-1) associated balanoposthitis, 9 and potentially bulls that may preferentially evert preputial skin when relaxed (remains speculative). 11,12 In general, however, trauma usually occurs to prepuce during breeding 1,3,13 or when tissue is not maintained within the sheath and therefore exposed to noncoital injury such as incidental lacerations and inadvertent selfinjury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Although the etiology of this condition may appear straightforward, a variety of factors have been linked to preputial prolapse occurrence in bulls: genotype, 3,4 breed, [5][6][7] innate sheath conformation, [8][9][10] bovine herpes virus (BHV-1) associated balanoposthitis, 9 and potentially bulls that may preferentially evert preputial skin when relaxed (remains speculative). 11,12 In general, however, trauma usually occurs to prepuce during breeding 1,3,13 or when tissue is not maintained within the sheath and therefore exposed to noncoital injury such as incidental lacerations and inadvertent selfinjury. 3 Bos indicus subspecies bulls are renowned for sustaining injuries to the prepuce at breeding due to anatomical traits such as pendulous sheaths and substantial preputial skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified partial posthectomy surgery for chronic preputial prolapse in a Bos indicus bull

Nevard,

Lopes,

Lehmann

et al. 2024

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Preputial prolapses in bulls are frequently encountered by bovine reproductive practitioners and are common physical conditions impairing a bull’s ability to copulate. Marked chronicity or unsuccessful medical management warrant surgical correction. Preputial resection/circumcision (also known as ‘reefing procedure’) or preputial amputation are 2 well-documented procedures performed to restore penile function. It is widely believed that preputial resection is considered superior to amputation, as with the latter procedure, strictures and wound contracture stenosis are common reported sequelae. Therefore, surgery should aim at preserving tissue and resolving the prolapse without interference to complete penile extension. We adapted novel surgical features in a bull with a chronically prolapsed prepuce: an updated preputial amputation technique (i.e. modified posthectomy) and used a single-layer closure pattern with rapidly absorbable suture (not reported for bulls). There was total resolution and bull returned to service. This case illustrated that severe and chronically prolapsed prepuces can be successfully repaired using this updated modification of a historical technique.

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“…In most cases, the undescended testis remains in the extrascrotal region, abdominal cavity, or inguinal region [ 17 ]. Cryptorchidism can develop unilaterally or bilaterally, and its incidence has been relatively high in horses and pigs [ 14 ] and low (0.2%) in bulls [ 17 ]. If a testis (or testes) remains intact, cryptorchid bulls may develop heavy musculature and aggressive male behavior in the fattening phase and present problems in terms of both meat quality and husbandry management [ 10 , 15 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Usefulness of computed tomography for cryptorchidism in bulls

Goda

Mizutani

et al. 2022

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Cryptorchidism is defined as the failure of the testis to descend into the scrotal position. Bulls with cryptorchidism have problems in both meat quality and husbandry management; thus, it is greatly important to accurately identify the retained testis and remove it during the early stage. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed under general anesthesia in 34 bulls aged 3-9 months with cryptorchidism. All bulls underwent laparoscopic or incision approach for cryptorchidectomy, and 40 testes wer e dissected. The detection rates of retained testes were 64.5% in the abdominal cavity and 100% in the subcutaneous inguinal region, and the total detection rate was 72.5%. Furthermore, all cases in this study were suspected to have intra-abdominal cryptorchidism in primary care, but CT revealed that 22.5% of cases had cryptorchidism in the subcutaneous inguinal region. The CT value (mean ± standard deviation) of the retained testes was 20.96 ± 7.41 Hounsfield Unit, and the CT value and size of th e retained testes showed a positive weak correlation with bovine age. Therefore, there is the demerit that general anesthesia and a huge device are necessary; nevertheless, CT is suggested to be useful in identifying the location of retained testes and selecting an appropriate surgical approach in bulls with cryptorchidism. Moreover, CT findings suggested that the maturation of the retained testes might depend not on the descendin g process but on age.

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Abnormalities Affecting Reproductive Function of Male Animals

Cited by 4 publications

References 95 publications

Use of chain écraseur for removal of retained abdominal testis in a bull

Use of chain écraseur for removal of retained abdominal testis in a bull

Modified partial posthectomy surgery for chronic preputial prolapse in a Bos indicus bull

Usefulness of computed tomography for cryptorchidism in bulls

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