Abnormalities in hair trace elements as indicators of aberrant behavior

Gottschalk, Louis A.; Rebello, Tessio; Buchsbaum, Monte S.; Tucker, Howard G.; Hodges, Everett L.

doi:10.1016/0010-440x(91)90043-c

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In a study of 89 workers (42 exposed and 47 control), urinary cadmium was significantly associated with poor visuomotor performance (symbol digit substitution and simple reaction time tests), even after adjusting for age, alcohol, exposure to other neurotoxicants, neuroactive medications, and years of schooling [3]. Case control studies suggest that elevated cadmium exposure or differences in cadmium processing may be associated with violent criminal behavior [34] and dementia/Alzheimer’s disease [35,36], but the results have been inconsistent [37,38]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between cadmium exposure and neurocognitive test scores in a cross-sectional study of US adults

et al. 2013

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BackgroundLow-level environmental cadmium exposure and neurotoxicity has not been well studied in adults. Our goal was to evaluate associations between neurocognitive exam scores and a biomarker of cumulative cadmium exposure among adults in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).MethodsNHANES III is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the U.S. population conducted between 1988 and 1994. We analyzed data from a subset of participants, age 20–59, who participated in a computer-based neurocognitive evaluation. There were four outcome measures: the Simple Reaction Time Test (SRTT: visual motor speed), the Symbol Digit Substitution Test (SDST: attention/perception), the Serial Digit Learning Test (SDLT) trials-to-criterion, and the SDLT total-error-score (SDLT-tests: learning recall/short-term memory). We fit multivariable-adjusted models to estimate associations between urinary cadmium concentrations and test scores.Results5662 participants underwent neurocognitive screening, and 5572 (98%) of these had a urinary cadmium level available. Prior to multivariable-adjustment, higher urinary cadmium concentration was associated with worse performance in each of the 4 outcomes. After multivariable-adjustment most of these relationships were not significant, and age was the most influential variable in reducing the association magnitudes. However among never-smokers with no known occupational cadmium exposure the relationship between urinary cadmium and SDST score (attention/perception) was significant: a 1 μg/L increase in urinary cadmium corresponded to a 1.93% (95%CI: 0.05, 3.81) decrement in performance.ConclusionsThese results suggest that higher cumulative cadmium exposure in adults may be related to subtly decreased performance in tasks requiring attention and perception, particularly among those adults whose cadmium exposure is primarily though diet (no smoking or work based cadmium exposure). This association was observed among exposure levels that have been considered to be without adverse effects and these levels are common in U.S. adults. Thus further research into the potential neurocognitive effects of cadmium exposure is warranted. Because cumulative cadmium exposure may mediate some of the effects of age and smoking on cognition, adjusting for these variables may result in the underestimation of associations with cumulative cadmium exposure. Prospective studies that include never-smokers and non-occupationally exposed individuals are needed to clarify these issues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between cadmium exposure and neurocognitive test scores in a cross-sectional study of US adults

et al. 2013

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“…Although typically considered a neurotoxin [1], excessive manganese has also been associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection [2], pulmonary neoplasia [3], infant mortality [4], and criminal and violent behaviors [5]. Factors such as age, chemical species, dose, route of exposure, and dietary components influence both the absorption and bioavailability of manganese in humans [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental Manganese and Cancer Mortality Rates by County in North Carolina: An Ecological Study

Spangler

Reid

2009

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Manganese is an element essential for health in trace amounts, but toxic at higher exposures. Since manganese is replacing lead in gasoline globally, evaluation of potential cancer effects is essential. To determine whether environmental manganese is related to cancer at the county level in North Carolina (n = 100 counties; North Carolina 2000 population = 8,049,313), we carried out an ecological study using data from the North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, North Carolina Geological Survey, US Geological Survey, and US Census. County-level all-cause and cancer mortality rates between 1997 and 2001 reported in deaths per 100,000 population associated by multivariable regression with logarithmically transformed groundwater (microgram per liter) and airborne (microgram per cubic meter) manganese concentrations by county measured between 1973 and 1979 (water) and in 1996 (air). Models controlled for county characteristics. Median all-cause and cancer mortality rates by county in North Carolina (1997-2001) exceeded those of the USA (2000). For each log increase in groundwater manganese concentration, there was a corresponding county-level increase of 12.10 deaths/100,000 population in all-site cancer rates, 2.84 deaths/100,000 in colon cancer rates, and 7.73 deaths/100,000 in lung cancer rates. For each log increase in airborne manganese concentration, there was a corresponding county-level decrease of 8.10 deaths/100,000 population in all-site cancer rates, 3.28 deaths/100,000 in breast cancer rates, and 3.97 deaths/100,000 in lung cancer rates. Neither groundwater nor air concentrations of manganese correlated with county-level all-cause or prostate cancer death rates. These are the first data we know of to document a potential relationship between environmental manganese and population-level cancer death rates. The positive association between groundwater manganese and specific cancer mortality rates might be a function of the high concentrations measured, while the inverse relationship between air manganese and death rates might point toward adequate (e.g., healthy) county-level manganese exposures. Since manganese is replacing lead in gasoline globally, these ecological findings should be confirmed at the individual level or in animal models.

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“…The biological hypothesis is that impulsive and violent behavior may stem from brain dysfunction or damage secondary to head injury, disease or toxic chemical substances, low levels of serotonin, or low thresholds for limbic stimulation. Recent studies have linked ASPD to trace elements in hair (Gottschalk, Rebello, Buchsbaum, Tucker, & Hodges, 1991), focal lesions of the temporal lobe (Tonkonogy, 1991), and serotonergic dysfunction (Lewis, 1991).…”

Section: Biological and Genetic Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Antisocial Personality Disorder: Diagnostic, Ethical and Treatment Issues

Kaylor¹

1999

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

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Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a complex disorder that creates a diagnostic, ethical, and treatment dilemma for mental health professionals. Psychosocial, biological, and cultural influences play a role in the development of ASPD. People with ASPD often had harsh early childhoods that impaired their ability to trust in adulthood. Research supports intriguing biological links, but it remains unclear if biological differences are the cause or the effect of ASPD. Individualism, patriarchy, and widespread media violence create the cultural context for the development of ASPD. ASPD is difficult to clinically diagnose and treat, and there is controversy concerning whether ASPD is a psychiatric or a legal-ethical problem. However, the management of ASPD often falls to mental health services. This article addresses treatment and primary prevention of ASPD in a way that is relevant to mental health practice.

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Abnormalities in hair trace elements as indicators of aberrant behavior

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

Associations between cadmium exposure and neurocognitive test scores in a cross-sectional study of US adults

Associations between cadmium exposure and neurocognitive test scores in a cross-sectional study of US adults

Environmental Manganese and Cancer Mortality Rates by County in North Carolina: An Ecological Study

Antisocial Personality Disorder: Diagnostic, Ethical and Treatment Issues

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