Abnormalities of brain neural circuits related to obesity: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging study

Papageorgiou, Ioannis; Astrakas, Loukas G.; Xydis, Vasileios; Alexiou, George Α.; Bargiotas, Panagiotis; Tzarouchi, Loukia; Zikou, Anastasia; Kiortsis, Dimitrios N.; Argyropoulou, Maria I.

doi:10.1016/j.mri.2016.11.018

Cited by 69 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Imaging studies in humans previously reported that obese individuals have reduced WM tissue density and altered WM integrity in dispersed tracts, including the corpus callosum, cingulum, cerebellar peduncle and corona radiata (9,12,13,17,19,29,43). These findings align well with our cross-sectional results showing that WM density in brain stem and cerebellar peduncle, two regions that significantly increased after SG, were reduced in severely obese individuals compared to normal-weight individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Neuroanatomical Changes in White and Grey Matter after Sleeve Gastrectomy

Michaud

Dadar

Pelletier

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: MRI studies show that obese adults have reduced grey (GM) and white matter (WM) tissue density as well as altered WM integrity. It remains to be examined if bariatric surgery induces structural brain changes. The aim of this study is to characterize GM and WM density changes in a longitudinal setting, comparing pre-and post-operation and to determine whether these changes are related to inflammation and cardiometabolic markers. Methods: 29 severely obese participants (age: 45.9±7.8 years) scheduled to undergo sleeve gastrectomy (SG) were recruited. High-resolution T1-weighted anatomical images were acquired 1 month prior to as well as 4 and 12 months after surgery. GM and WM densities were quantified using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Circulating lipid profile, glucose, insulin and inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) were measured at each time point.A linear mixed effect model was used to compare brain changes before and after SG, controlling for age, gender, initial BMI and diabetic status. To assess the associations between changes in adiposity, metabolism and inflammation and changes in GM or WM density, the mean GM and WM densities were extracted across all the participants using atlas, and linear mixed-effect models were used. Results: As expected, weight, BMI, waist circumference and neck circumference significantly decreased after SG compared with baseline (p<0.001 for all). A widespread increase in WM density was observed after surgery, particularly in the cerebellum, brain stem, cerebellar peduncle, cingulum, corpus callosum and corona radiata (p<0.05, after FDR correction). Significant increases in GM density were observed 4 months after SG compared to baseline in several brain regions such as the bilateral occipital cortex, temporal cortex, precentral gyrus and cerebellum as Michaud et al. 2019, page 3 well as right fusiform gyrus, right hippocampus and right insula. These GM and WM increases were more pronounced and widespread after 12 months and were significantly associated with post-operative weight loss and the improvement of metabolic alterations.Our linear mixed-effect models also showed strong associations between post-operative reductions in LBP, a marker of inflammation, and increased WM density. To confirm our results, we tested whether the peak of each significant region showed BMI-related differences in an independent dataset (Human Connectome Project). We matched a group of severely obese individuals with a group of lean individuals for age, gender and ethnicity.Severe obesity was associated with reduced WM density in the brain stem and cerebellar peduncle as well as reduced GM density in cerebellum, regions that significantly changed after surgery (p<0.01 for all clusters). Conclusions: Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss and improvement in metabolic alterations is associated with widespread increases in WM and GM densities. These post-operative changes overlapped with baseline brain difference...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Neuroanatomical Changes in White and Grey Matter after Sleeve Gastrectomy

Michaud

Dadar

Pelletier

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with decreases in DTI‐derived indices of WMI in the general population . One previous study found an association between BMI and DTI measures of WMI in BD, and the relationship has been reported in HV . In contrast, we did not find that BMI or other indices of cardiovascular function, including CBF, correlated with AD in BD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits of white matter axial diffusivity in bipolar disorder relative to major depressive disorder: No relationship to cerebral perfusion or body mass index

et al. 2019

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Objective:To compare white matter integrity (WMI) in bipolar disorder (BD) relative to healthy volunteers (HVs) and major depressive disorder (MDD). To determine the relationship of bipolar-specific differences in WMI to cerebral perfusion, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure as indices of cardiovascular function.Methods: Thirty-two participants with BD, 44 with MDD, and 41 HV were recruited.All BD and MDD participants were in a major depressive episode, and all but 12 BD participants were medication-free. 64-direction diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequences were obtained. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) on four DTI indices were employed to distinguish patterns of DTI in BD relative to HV and MDD groups. BMI, blood pressure, and medical histories were also obtained for the BD participants. Results:A cluster of lower axial diffusivity (AD) was found in BD participants in comparison to the HVs in the left posterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, fronto-occipital fasciculus, and internal capsule. Mean AD in the significant cluster was not associated with cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the region as measured by ASL, and was not associated with BMI or blood pressure. A cluster of lower AD was also found in the BD group when compared to MDD that had spatial overlap with the HV comparison. Conclusions:The results indicate a deficit of AD in BD when compared to MDD and HV groups. No association between AD values and either cerebral perfusion, BMI, or blood pressure was found in BD. K E Y W O R D S bipolar disorder, cerebral blood flow, diffusion tensor imaging, major depressive disorder, MRI How to cite this article: Lan MJ, Rubin-Falcone H, Sublette ME, et al. Deficits of white matter axial diffusivity in bipolar disorder relative to major depressive disorder: No relationship to cerebral perfusion or body mass index. Bipolar

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“…Most studies in the literature use cross-sectional analysis and observe a distributed negative link between obesity and FA throughout the brain. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] For example, work by our group found that 24 of the 27 white matter regions of interest tested were significantly associated with BMI, such that individuals with higher BMI had lower FA. 40 In some cases, the association between obesity and lower FA coincides with a trend for lower AD and higher RD as well.…”

Section: Associations Between Peripheral Health and White Mattermentioning

confidence: 91%

White matter pathways as both a target and mediator of health behaviors

Porter

Leckie

Verstynen

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Health behaviors arise from the dynamics of highly interconnected networks in the brain and variability in these networks drives individual differences in behavior. In this review, we show how many factors that predict the physical health of the body also correlate with variability of the myelinated fascicles, called white matter, that connect brain regions together. The general pattern present in the literature is that as predictors of physical health decline, there is often a coincident reduction in the integrity of major white matter pathways. We also highlight a plausible mechanism, inflammatory pathways, whereby health-related activation of the immune system can impact the myelin sheath, a protective tissue that facilitates long range communication in the brain. The growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that degrading health in the periphery may disrupt the communication efficiency of the macroscopic neural circuits that mediate complex behaviors, which can in turn contribute to poorer physical health.

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Abnormalities of brain neural circuits related to obesity: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging study

Cited by 69 publications

References 35 publications

Neuroanatomical Changes in White and Grey Matter after Sleeve Gastrectomy

Neuroanatomical Changes in White and Grey Matter after Sleeve Gastrectomy

Deficits of white matter axial diffusivity in bipolar disorder relative to major depressive disorder: No relationship to cerebral perfusion or body mass index

White matter pathways as both a target and mediator of health behaviors

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