Abnormalities of cortical structures in adolescent-onset conduct disorder

Jiang, Yali; Xiao, Guo; Zhang, J.; Gao, Junling; Wang, X.; Situ, Weijun; Yi, Jinyao; Zhang, X.; Lee, Seonjoo; Yao, Shuqiao; Huang, Bingsheng

doi:10.1017/s0033291715001361

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Our results support previous studies showing associations between CD and alterations in cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), and local gyrification index (lGI). As hypothesized, and as previously found in predominantly male samples, [28][29][30][31][32] CD was associated with lower ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) CT. This was accompanied by higher gyrification in overlapping regions of vmPFC, as well as the posterior insula, in the CD group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…These studies have reported lower CT in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), [28][29][30][31] superior temporal cortex, [28][29][30][31][32] supramarginal/angular gyrus, 29,32,33 precuneus, 28,29,31,32 and fusiform gyrus, 29,32 and lower SA in PFC 29,33 in participants with CD compared to controls. Furthermore, lower gyrification in the OFC/vmPFC, 32 and higher gyrification in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), insula, fusiform gyrus, 30 and precentral gyrus 32 have been reported in individuals with CD versus controls. Despite considerable overlap between the regions that have been identified using SBM and VBM methods, SBM studies have highlighted additional regions that have not yet been incorporated in neurodevelopmental models of CD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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432. Sex Differences in the Relationship between Conduct Disorder and Cortical Structure in Adolescents

Smaragdi

Cornwell

Toschi

et al. 2017

Biological Psychiatry

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Previous studies have reported reduced cortical thickness and surface area and altered gyrification in frontal and temporal regions in adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). Although there is evidence that the clinical phenotype of CD differs between males and females, no studies have examined whether such sex differences extend to cortical and subcortical structure. Method: As part of a European multisite study (Fem-NAT-CD), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected from 48 female and 48 male participants with CD and from 104 sex-, age-, and pubertal-statusÀmatched controls (14-18 years of age). Data were analyzed using surface-based morphometry, testing for effects of sex, diagnosis, and sex-by-diagnosis interactions, while controlling for age, IQ, scan site, and total gray matter volume. Results: CD was associated with cortical thinning and higher gyrification in ventromedial prefrontal cortex in both sexes. Males with CD showed lower, and females with CD showed higher, supramarginal gyrus cortical thickness compared with controls. Relative to controls, males with CD showed higher gyrification and surface area in superior frontal gyrus, whereas the opposite pattern was seen in females. There were no effects of diagnosis or sex-by-diagnosis interactions on subcortical volumes. Results are discussed with regard to attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, and substance abuse comorbidity, medication use, handedness, and CD age of onset. Conclusion: We found both similarities and differences between males and females in CD-cortical structure associations. This initial evidence that the pathophysiological basis of CD may be partly sex-specific highlights the need to consider sex in future neuroimaging studies and suggests that males and females may require different treatments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

432. Sex Differences in the Relationship between Conduct Disorder and Cortical Structure in Adolescents

Smaragdi

Cornwell

Toschi

et al. 2017

Biological Psychiatry

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“…It presents repetitive and chronic aggressive and antisocial behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age appropriate norms or rules of society are violated (APA, 2000). CD has been reported to occur in about 16% of preadolescents (Olsson, 2009; Jiang et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2015), and may co-exist with other disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Rubia, 2011), oppositional-defiant disorder (Loeber et al, 2000), and substance abuse (Whitmore et al, 1997). Aggressive and antisocial behavior displayed by children with CD might reflect atypical empathic responses to others' suffering (Blair, 2005), several behavioral studies have reported findings suggesting that CD youth may be deficient in empathy (Cohen and Strayer, 1996; Blair et al, 2001; Blair, 2005; Wied et al, 2005; Schwenck et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporoparietal Junction Hypoactivity during Pain-Related Empathy Processing in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder

et al. 2017

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Background: Lack of empathy has been proposed to account for the characteristic behavioral problems exhibited by adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). Hence, the aim of this study was to determine whether adolescents with CD exhibit atypical affective and cognitive neural empathic responses during pain-related empathy processing.Methods: A total of 30 adolescents with a CD diagnosis and 36 without CD symptoms were recruited from out-patient clinics and local middle schools in the same region, respectively. All 66 participants were subjected to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing video clips depicting a face with a neutral expression receiving non-painful stimulation (Q-tip touch) or a face with a painful expression receiving painful stimulation (needle penetration) applied to the left or right cheek.Results: The regions associated with affective and cognitive empathy were activated in the HC group during pain-related empathy processing. Compared to HCs, adolescents with CD showed significantly reduced activation in the bilateral temporoparietal junction (TPJ).Conclusions: Adolescents with CD exhibited dampened hemodynamic responses during pain-related empathy processing in the bilateral TPJ, a region associated with cognitive empathy. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adolescents with CD may have a cognitive empathy deficiency.

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“…Notably, several network hubs observed in HCs, such as bilateral insula and the right superior temporal cortex, which showed significant group differences in betweenness, were essentially absent from the CD network. Given that selective damage in the superior temporal cortex and insula have been observed repeatedly in several CD cohorts91050, the absence of such cortical hubs in CD may explain why certain brain regions show disproportionately high levels of connection and, as a result, preferential vulnerability to CD pathology. Since brain hubs tend to have more metabolically costly functional connections, they are likely to be more susceptible to disorders47.Thus, the alteration of such hubs may lead to deficient information flow and the domain of impairments characteristic of CD, such as empathy and perception of others’ feelings5152.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CD has been associated with genetic vulnerability, low-level physical arousal, and electrophysiological changes during feedback processing234 in previous researches. Neuroimaging studies have also described aberrations in brain structure and function, including prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortical regions as well as subcortical structures, in people diagnosed with CD5678910. Most of the regions identified as having aberrations overlapped with so-called brain “hubs” in graph theory11, including orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and superior temporal cortex.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disrupted Topological Patterns of Large-Scale Network in Conduct Disorder

Jiang

Liu

Ming

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Regional abnormalities in brain structure and function, as well as disrupted connectivity, have been found repeatedly in adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). Yet, the large-scale brain topology associated with CD is not well characterized, and little is known about the systematic neural mechanisms of CD. We employed graphic theory to investigate systematically the structural connectivity derived from cortical thickness correlation in a group of patients with CD (N = 43) and healthy controls (HCs, N = 73). Nonparametric permutation tests were applied for between-group comparisons of graphical metrics. Compared with HCs, network measures including global/local efficiency and modularity all pointed to hypo-functioning in CD, despite of preserved small-world organization in both groups. The hubs distribution is only partially overlapped with each other. These results indicate that CD is accompanied by both impaired integration and segregation patterns of brain networks, and the distribution of highly connected neural network ‘hubs’ is also distinct between groups. Such misconfiguration extends our understanding regarding how structural neural network disruptions may underlie behavioral disturbances in adolescents with CD, and potentially, implicates an aberrant cytoarchitectonic profiles in the brain of CD patients.

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Abnormalities of cortical structures in adolescent-onset conduct disorder

Abstract: The present study indicates that AO-CD is characterized by cortical structural abnormalities in the paralimbic system, and, in particular, we highlight the potential role of deficient structures including the precuneus and PCC in the etiology of AO-CD.

Cited by 50 publications

References 76 publications

432. Sex Differences in the Relationship between Conduct Disorder and Cortical Structure in Adolescents

432. Sex Differences in the Relationship between Conduct Disorder and Cortical Structure in Adolescents

Temporoparietal Junction Hypoactivity during Pain-Related Empathy Processing in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder

Disrupted Topological Patterns of Large-Scale Network in Conduct Disorder

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