Abnormalities of the Testis and Scrotum and Their Surgical Management

Barthold, Julia Spencer

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6911-9.00132-8

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 615 publications

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“…[8] The cause of testicular ectopia is unknown but it is thought to be due to abnormal position of genito-femoral nerve which leads to an abnormal migration of gubernaculum and thus takes testis to abnormal position. [9] When the testis is not found in its normal anatomical location, it can either be palpable elsewhere or nonpalpable. When palpated outside the scrotum, the testis may be cryptorchoid, ectopic or retractile, while a nonpalpable testis may be cryptorchoid, atrophic or absent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Imaging in the Evaluation of Non-Palpable Testes: A Rare Case of Ectopic and Undescended Testes in an Adult

Ravikanth¹,

Sarkar²,

Ca³

et al. 2017

AIMDR

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Undescended testis is one of the most common pediatric disorder of the male endocrine glands and the most common genital disorder identified at birth. The undescended testis may be palpable or non-palpable. Approximately 20% of undescended testis are non-palpable and either located in the abdomen or the canaliculi, or atrophic or are completely absent. Identifying the location of ectopic and undescended testes can aid in presurgical planning and help determine the optimal type of surgical correction procedure to be performed. Ultrasound and MRI are the most common imaging exams ordered to detect and locate these two variants. Testicular tissue at ectopic site was identified by presence of characteristic signal intensity pattern, mediastinum testis and its location along empty spermatic canal in cases of inguinal testis either singly or in combination. We conclude that MR imaging is useful in the localization and tissue characterization of nonpalpable testes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Imaging in the Evaluation of Non-Palpable Testes: A Rare Case of Ectopic and Undescended Testes in an Adult

Ravikanth¹,

Sarkar²,

Ca³

et al. 2017

AIMDR

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“…Although it is arguable as there are conflicting evidence about reduction of relative risk of malignancy, between orchidopexy done in early child hood versus any time before puberty. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between age at orchidopexy and risk of testicular cancer [5]. It is still unclear whether there should be similar urgency to operate in cases of perineal ectopia which already lies outside abdomen and is available for examination [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perineal Ectopic Testis with Unilateral Scrotal Hypoplasia

Sharma¹,

Fareed²,

Sanjay³

et al. 2013

JCR

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Abstract:The ectopic testis is frequently misdiagnosed as cryptorchidism or anorchism. We present a case of three month old male infant diagnosed as right ectopic perineal testis and right hemiscrotal hypoplasia. Ectopic testes are thought to be greater at risk of trauma, testicular torsion, subfertility and malignancy. Although definitive evidence in support of these fears in case of perineal ectopia is lacking due to its rarity and lack of long follow-up. Surgical correction of undescended testes is generally done at about 6 months of age to allow for spontaneous descent. On the other hand there is no need to delay surgery in ectopic testis because possible descent as seen in undescended testis will not occur. Yet the timing of surgery can be individualized for perineal ectopia without any unnecessary delay.

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“…At birth, right-sided undescended testicles are more common with a 1.8 to 1 right to left ratio; this trend reverses by adulthood with a 0.6 to 1 right to left ratio. However, nonpalpable testicles are more common on the left (Barthold 2012). The testicle may be found in the abdomen (3-34%), near the internal ring (12%), in the inguinal canal (16-75%) or, rarely, may be ectopic or absent (Gray and Skandalaskis 1972;Moul and Belman 1988;Barthold 2012).…”

Section: Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%