Abnormally High Nourishment During Sensitive Periods Results in Body Weight Changes Across Generations

Díaz, Jaime; Taylor, Elsie M.

doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00365.x

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Not only were body weight and abdominal adiposity increased in the offspring of high-fat-fed parents but also the effect remained significant over three generations. 81,84 Similarly, overfeeding first-generation female pups produced heavier pups as compared with a control group and effects persisted for two subsequent generations. 84 In humans, birth weight positively correlates with adult BMI.…”

Section: Additional Explanation 8: Intrauterine and Intergenerationalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…81,84 Similarly, overfeeding first-generation female pups produced heavier pups as compared with a control group and effects persisted for two subsequent generations. 84 In humans, birth weight positively correlates with adult BMI. However, as Allison et al 85 showed, barring extreme variations, this association seems to reflect common genetic influences on birth weight…”

Section: Additional Explanation 8: Intrauterine and Intergenerationalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: exploring the roads less traveled

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate plausible contributors to the obesity epidemic beyond the two most commonly suggested factors, reduced physical activity and food marketing practices. Design: A narrative review of data and published materials that provide evidence of the role of additional putative factors in contributing to the increasing prevalence of obesity. Data: Information was drawn from ecological and epidemiological studies of humans, animal studies and studies addressing physiological mechanisms, when available. Results: For at least 10 putative additional explanations for the increased prevalence of obesity over the recent decades, we found supportive (although not conclusive) evidence that in many cases is as compelling as the evidence for more commonly discussed putative explanations. Conclusion: Undue attention has been devoted to reduced physical activity and food marketing practices as postulated causes for increases in the prevalence of obesity, leading to neglect of other plausible mechanisms and well-intentioned, but potentially ill-founded proposals for reducing obesity rates.

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Section: Additional Explanation 8: Intrauterine and Intergenerationalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Additional Explanation 8: Intrauterine and Intergenerationalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: exploring the roads less traveled

et al. 2006

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“…When pups are artificially raised away from their dams and fed by gastric tube, those fed a diet high in carbohydrate content develop obesity and insulin-resistance as compared to those fed either a low-fat, low carbohydrate or high-fat diet ( West et al 1982( West et al , 1987Hiremagalur et al 1993;Vadlamudi et al 1995). This effect is most marked in female offspring (Vadlamudi et al 1995;Diaz & Taylor 1998). This predominant effect in female offspring may account for the carryover effect such artificial rearing has on the development of obesity in their offspring, even when the next generation is normally reared (Vadlamudi et al 1995).…”

Section: Post-natal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic imprinting: critical impact of the perinatal environment on the regulation of energy homeostasis

Levin

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

201

170

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Epidemiological studies in humans suggest that maternal undernutrition, obesity and diabetes during gestation and lactation can all produce obesity in offspring. Animal models have allowed us to investigate the independent consequences of altering the pre-versus post-natal environments on a variety of metabolic, physiological and neuroendocrine functions as they effect the development in the offspring of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia (the 'metabolic syndrome'). During gestation, maternal malnutrition, obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes and psychological, immunological and pharmacological stressors can all promote offspring obesity. Normal post-natal nutrition can reduce the adverse impact of some of these pre-natal factors but maternal high-fat diets, diabetes and increased neonatal access to food all enhance the development of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in offspring. The outcome of these perturbations of the perinatal environmental is also highly dependent upon the genetic background of the individual. Those with an obesity-prone genotype are more likely to be affected by factors such as maternal obesity and high-fat diets than are obesity-resistant individuals. Many perinatal manipulations appear to promote offspring obesity by permanently altering the development of central neural pathways, which regulate food intake, energy expenditure and storage. Given their strong neurotrophic properties, either excess or an absence of insulin and leptin during the perinatal period are likely to be effectors of these developmental changes. Because obesity is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality and because of its resistance to treatment, prevention is likely to be the best strategy for stemming the tide of the obesity epidemic. Such prevention should begin in the perinatal period with the identification and avoidance of factors which produce permanent, adverse alterations in neural pathways which control energy homeostasis.

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“…There is some evidence that the obese people are more fertile than lean ones [55]. If obesity has a genetic component [56] the percentage of obese people in the population should increase. Moreover, union of obese spouses also promotes obesity in the children [57].…”

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity: Development, Epidemiology, Factors Affecting, Quantity, Health Hazards, Management and Natural Treatment-a Review

Bollapragada

Shantaram

Kumar

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Due to the advancement in science, enhanced knowledge on the physiological aspects of almost all the tissues and the organs of the human body is gained. One of the most important prevalent topics needed for discussion is obesity and its effect on the metabolic changes leading to disorders in the human body such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases in addition to chronic diseases such as stroke, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, some cancers, and inflammation-based pathologies. In recent years, obesity is a serious socioeconomic issue, which has become one of the major health problems all over the world, affecting people of all ages, sex, ethnicities and races. Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of a myriad genetics, dietary, lifestyle and environmental factors and it is characterised by an excessive weight for height due to an enlarged fat deposition in the adipose tissue, which is due to a higher calorie intake than the energy expenditure. The pharmaceutical drugs are currently available to treat obesity but generally they have unpleasant side effects. Recent researches demonstrated the potential of natural products to counteract on obesity. Now the novel promising approach is the usage of dietary supplements and plant products and their bioactive compounds that could interfere on pancreatic lipase activity, food intake, lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. In a similar way, hundreds of extracts are currently being isolated from plants, fungi, algae or bacteria and are screened for their potential inhibitions of activity against obesity. Natural products may have a synergistic activity that increases their bioavailability and action on multiple molecular targets.

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Abnormally High Nourishment During Sensitive Periods Results in Body Weight Changes Across Generations

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: exploring the roads less traveled

Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: exploring the roads less traveled

Metabolic imprinting: critical impact of the perinatal environment on the regulation of energy homeostasis

Obesity: Development, Epidemiology, Factors Affecting, Quantity, Health Hazards, Management and Natural Treatment-a Review

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