Abnormally large magnetospheric electric field on 9 November 2004 and its effect on equatorial ionosphere around the world

Abstract

There was a solar event around 1850 UT on 9th November 2004, associated with an abnormally large solar wind flow pressure and large southward interplanetary magnetic field, causing an abnormally large prompt penetration electric field between 1850 and 2100 UT. Abnormally large vertical F-region drifts by Jicamarca backscatter radar were reported associated with the event. The F-region over Jicamarca, Peru (14-16 LT) and Sao Luis, Brazil (16-18 LT) was lifted upward, broken into two portions and the upper one was blown out of the range of the ionosonde. At Fortaleza, an off-equatorial station in Brazil, the F-region was also lifted up but later the f o F 2 increased due to the flow of ionization from upper layer blown up over the equatorial region. The F-region at Ascension Island (19-21 LT), an off-equatorial station, was lifted up without any deformations till 1915 LT but descended at 1930 LT due to reversal of electric field polarity. At Indian stations, Trivandrum and Waltair (00-02 LT), the F-region was pushed down and later disappeared as a consequence of enhanced westward ionospheric electric field in the night sector. The ionosonde did not receive any echo for a couple of hours till the next sunrise. The F-region at Kototaban (03-05 LT), Indonesia also disappeared after a rapid descend. At Kwajelien (06-08 LT) there was no equatorial type of sporadic-E at 07 to 09 LT due to the westward electric field.

F Region Electric Field Effects on the Intermediate Layer Dynamics During the Evening Prereversal Enhancement at Equatorial Region Over Brazil

“…The impact of the evening zonal electric field enhancement in the sporadic‐E layers have been discussed in the literature (see e.g., M. A. Abdu et al., 2003; Carrasco et al., 2007; Rastogi et al., 2012). It was observed that the Es layer formation during the post‐sunset hours can be disrupted or enhanced depending upon the vertical structure of the electric field arising from the sunset electrodynamic process.…”

Equatorial E Region Electric Fields and Sporadic E Layer Responses to the Recovery Phase of the November 2004 Geomagnetic Storm

“…Li et al (2009) analyzed the development and dynamics of ionospheric plasma bubble irregularity during this super storm using data from a multi instrument network (GPS TEC, ionosonde, GPS scintillation) operated in Southeast Asia. More recently, Rastogi et al (2012) showed cases of strong E s layer formation on 9 November 2004 in India sector due to abnormally large equatorial prompt penetration dawn to dusk electric field.…”

“…The Es q is different from the E s layer, since it is not an enhanced ionization of the plasma as the sporadic E layers of blanketing type (Es b ), produced by ionization convergence arising from the well-known wind shear theory, which ionization converges at the null points of vertical shears in meridional or zonal neutral wind components (Haldoupis, 2011;Hook, 1970;Lanchester et al, 1991;Whitehead, 1989). The basic distinction between both layer types is that the Es q layer is always translucent to radio waves in ionograms, while the Es b layers are highly dense and effectively block the access of the HF signal to the upper ionospheric layers (Piggot & Rawer, 1972;Resende et al, 2016;Resende, Denardini, & Batista, 2013).…”

The Influence of Disturbance Dynamo Electric Field in the Formation of Strong Sporadic E Layers Over Boa Vista, a Low‐Latitude Station in the American Sector

“…Regarding the disturbed periods, some previous works connect the Es layer modifications with the undershielding/overshielding electric fields. Rastogi et al (2012) studied the PPEF effect in the Es modification during a magnetic storm that occurred on 9 November 2004. They investigated the regions located around and away from the dip equator.…”

“…These atypical Es layers in BV occur far after the recovery phase beginning of seven magnetic storms with data available. Since BV is not close to the SAMA center and because of the magnetic storm phase at which the Es layer is formed, the conclusions in Rastogi et al (2012) and Abdu et al (2014) cannot be readily applied.…”