Aboriginal Child Health and the Social Determinants: Why Are These Children So Disadvantaged?

Postl, B; Cook, Catherine L; Moffatt, Michael

doi:10.12927/hcq.2010.21982

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…While we cannot offer a direct explanation, it is well recognized that colonization and attempts by the Canadian government to force assimilation of First Nations children through residential schools has had long-lasting negative effects on families and communities (49). The traumatic separation of young children from their homes and family units led to the destruction of the family and loss of traditions and culture (49). The resultant disruptions and loss of traditional knowledge has affected the overall health and well-being of those who endured residential schools, their children and grandchildren (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The traumatic separation of young children from their homes and family units led to the destruction of the family and loss of traditions and culture (49). The resultant disruptions and loss of traditional knowledge has affected the overall health and well-being of those who endured residential schools, their children and grandchildren (49). Theoretically, this has likely also contributed to the existing oral health disparity seen in First Nations persons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretically, this has likely also contributed to the existing oral health disparity seen in First Nations persons. Apart from the traditional health determinants, there are particular determinants unique to Indigenous people that also influence their well-being, including loss of culture, self-determination, inequitable access to healthcare, and social environments and social supports (49). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence and risk factors of caregiver reported Severe Early Childhood Caries in Manitoba First Nations children: results from the RHS Phase 2 (2008–2010)

Schroth

Halchuk

Star

2013

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesThe high prevalence and severity of caries among Canadian First Nations children is a growing concern. Dental surgery in hospital is often necessary to treat the signs of decay but does not address the underlying factors contributing to its development. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of caregiver-reported Baby Bottle Tooth Decay (BBTD), or Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC), among preschool children recruited in Phase 2 of the First Nations Regional Longitudinal Health Survey (RHS).Study DesignCross-sectional study including interviews with caregivers.MethodsThis study was limited to data from Manitoba First Nations participating in the RHS Phase 2 (2008–10). Data were restricted to caregiver interviews for their child <72 months of age. The main variable of interest was caregiver-reported BBTD, an antecedent term for S-ECC. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses; p≤0.05 was significant.ResultsOverall, caregivers of 431 preschool children responded. According to caregiver reports, 102/410 (24.9%) children had S-ECC. Further, 65.0% responded that their child had already undergone treatment for caries. Children with S-ECC were significantly older than those without. S-ECC was also associated with paternal education levels and employment status, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Breastfed children were less likely to have S-ECC, while consuming drink crystal beverages in bottles, and daily intake of soft drinks, juice, sweets and fast food were associated with increased risk. Those who reported that healthcare services were not available and were not culturally appropriate were significantly more likely to have children with S-ECC.ConclusionsCaregiver reports suggest that nearly 1 in every 4 children has been affected by S-ECC. Identified risk factors for Manitoba First Nations children included age, education and employment, dietary practices, access to care, and disruption to family and culture. This local evidence can be used to help inform future caries prevention activities in these Manitoba communities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence and risk factors of caregiver reported Severe Early Childhood Caries in Manitoba First Nations children: results from the RHS Phase 2 (2008–2010)

Schroth

Halchuk

Star

2013

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rather, what makes these findings unique relates to the "distal" (historic, political, social and economic contexts) and "intermediate" (community infrastructure, resources, systems and capacities) social determinants of health (Loppie-Reading & Wien, 2009) that influences sense of belonging among this group of "at-risk" Aboriginal youth in their school environments, and disproportionately affects the quality of their home environments as well. In a recent review of the health of Aboriginal children, Postl, Cook, and Moffatt (2010) describe the various social, economic, historical, political and geographic processes that disproportionately disadvantage the health, life chances, and home environments of Aboriginal children. In the context of our own study, we argue that it is precisely this colonial past, and the ways this past has interacted to shape the current social, home and school realities, that makes their experiences unique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense of Belonging in the Urban School Environments of Aboriginal Youth

Richmond

Smith

2012

iipj

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is well established that educational attainment and social support are critical social determinants of health among Aboriginal Canadians. Still, the gap in educational attainment with non-Aboriginal Canadians continues to grow, and little is known about the role of social support as a health determinant among Aboriginal youth. In collaboration with The Wabano Centre for Aboriginal Health (Ottawa, Canada), we undertook focus groups with urban Aboriginal youth at-risk to examine perceptions of their urban school environments, including access to social support. Data were analyzed using a general inductive approach. Results indicate that youths' perceived level of trust is key to the uptake of social support and vital to fostering sense of belonging. Youth identified social support as both structural and functional; the former being a symbol of the 'potential to help' and the latter representing 'actual help. ' The unique challenges endured in the home environments of Aboriginal youth at-risk means that teachers and staff must be prepared to provide forms of support that are responsive to these realities. Part of the solution will come from implementing measures of cultural safety that support the resources needed for Aboriginal youth at-risk to experience sense of belonging, thereby making urban schools places where youth will achieve their educational goals.

show abstract

“…More concerning is the unfortunate fact that these deaths are shown to be unevenly distributed among Indigenous populations worldwide [4,5]. Injury is a major cause of mortality and disability among Indigenous children in these countries [6,7,8]. Indigenous children in Canada, Australia and New Zealand are found to be at a significantly higher risk of injury [9,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions Aimed at the Prevention of Childhood Injuries in the Indigenous Populations in Canada, Australia and New Zealand in the Last 20 Years: A Systematic Review

Margeson

Gray

2017

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Globally, Indigenous children are found to be at a significantly higher risk of injury compared to non-Indigenous children. It has been suggested that mainstream injury prevention strategies are ineffective within Indigenous communities. The aim of this review is to identify existing interventions aimed at preventing injury in Indigenous children in the hope that it guides future strategies. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior systematic reviews exist looking at interventions specifically aimed at preventing injury in Indigenous child populations in the three chosen countries. Electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant childhood interventions aimed at the prevention of injuries in Indigenous populations based in Canada, Australia and New Zealand from 1996 to 2016. A manual search of the reference lists of relevant articles and a manual search of relevant websites were also completed. After 191 records were screened, six interventions were identified meeting the criteria for inclusion. Eligible papers underwent a quality appraisal using adapted assessment checklists and key information was extracted. Findings were then synthesized using a narrative approach. The interventions mainly promoted child safety through activities focusing on education and awareness. Only three of the six studies measured changes in injury hospitalization rates, all but one evaluation reporting a significant decrease. Studies which measured awareness all demonstrated positive changes. Results suggest that interventions delivered in a culturally appropriate manner acted as a main success factor. Barriers identified as hindering intervention success included lack of cohesion within the intervention due to staff turnover and lack of experienced staff with Indigenous knowledge. This review revealed a limited amount of evaluated interventions for the prevention of Indigenous childhood injuries. Conclusive evidence of the effectiveness of existing interventions is lacking due to the predominantly small-scale evaluations of pilot interventions. Future research is needed to provide more rigorous evidence of the mechanisms driving the successful implementation, delivery and uptake of such strategies tailored to Indigenous children.

show abstract

Aboriginal Child Health and the Social Determinants: Why Are These Children So Disadvantaged?

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of caregiver reported Severe Early Childhood Caries in Manitoba First Nations children: results from the RHS Phase 2 (2008–2010)

Prevalence and risk factors of caregiver reported Severe Early Childhood Caries in Manitoba First Nations children: results from the RHS Phase 2 (2008–2010)

Sense of Belonging in the Urban School Environments of Aboriginal Youth

Interventions Aimed at the Prevention of Childhood Injuries in the Indigenous Populations in Canada, Australia and New Zealand in the Last 20 Years: A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About