Aboriginal People and Confidence in the Police

Abstract

Aucune étude représentant toute la nation n'a été faite au sujet de la différence entre la confiance envers la police qu'ont les Autochtones et les non-Autochtones au Canada. En se basant sur l'Enquête sociale générale canadienne de 2009, cet article examine l'influence du statut d'autochtone sur la confiance envers la police. Conformes à la prédiction théorique, les résultats d'analyses de régression multiple démontrent que les Autochtones et les minorités visibles ont un taux de confiance considérablement plus bas que les autres Canadiens après que les effets des dimensions expressives et instrumentales ont été contrôlés. Les effets persistants des statuts d'autochtone et de minorités visibles soulèvent des questions au sujet des relations raciales au Canada. D'autres prédicteurs importants ont des dimensions expressives, comme la confiance, et instrumentales, comme le contexte communautaire, l'expérience en matière de crime, les perceptions du crime dans son quartier et les contacts avec les policiers. Les résultats indiquent que des mesures de réformes continues sont nécessaires pour que les policiers gagnent la confiance des Autochtones et des minorités visibles au Canada.

Correlates of stalking victimization in Canada: A model of social support and comorbidity

“…The concept was measured with seven items drawn from Skogan's original scheme (1990). The seven items encompass two aspects: physical order (e.g., “garbage or litter lying around”) and social order (e.g., “noisy neighbors or loud parties”), which is conceptually similar to “incivility” ( Cao, 2014 ). The respondents were asked to state whether each of the seven orderly conditions of their community were “1 = a very big problem,” “2 = a fairly big problem,” “3 = not a very big problem” or “4 = not a problem at all.” The higher value represents more order.…”

“…Confidence in the police was captured by a six-item index that assessed how well respondents believed that their local police force (excluding security guards, fire marshals and all others who have no authority to make arrests), on average, enforced the laws, was responsive, was approachable, provided information to reduce crime, cared about neighborhood safety, and treated people fairly. The final index captures three aspects of confidence in the police: dependability, competency, and respectfulness ( Cao, 2014 ). The respondents were asked to use a three-point scale which included “good job”, “average job”, and “poor job” to rate the six items.…”

“…Social support theory ( Cullen, 1994 ) suggests that crime-related reactions are shaped by the social context that surrounds individuals. Neighborhood contexts are important correlates of both opportunity and quantity/quality of human interaction (also see Cao, 2014 ; Skogan, 1990 ). We assess the possible link between community order and stalking victimizations.…”

Canada's Missing and Murdered Indigenous People and the Imperative for a More Inclusive Perspective

“…It also suggests that police relations with Indigenous people are unhealthy. Research shows that Indigenous people are less likely to report being the victim of a crime because they do not trust the police (Cao, 2014;Chrismas, 2012;Comack, 2012;Cotter, 2015;Hansen, 2015;TRC, 2015).…”

“…Indigenous Peoples have compelling reasons to not trust the police (Cao, 2014;Chrismas, 2012;Cotter, 2015). Whether this perspective is acceptable or unacceptable is not the issue; rather we need to develop the knowledge required to understand the vibrant relationship between Indigenous Peoples, the police, and the criminal justice system, with the goal of providing new insights into how we can envision and improve the inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous Peoples.…”