Artificial intelligence, electronics, and computers are developing faster and faster, embedded processors and machinery, intelligent robots have gained widespread attention in the market. The purpose of this paper is to design an intelligent robot navigation system based on data mining algorithm. Firstly, the navigation framework of intelligent robot based on ROS system is introduced. Then the key technologies of navigation are studied, and the path planning algorithm and selfpositioning algorithm are introduced respectively. Finally, the robot navigation system is built according to the navigation framework, and the robot fixed-point navigation experiment is completed on the robot platform of this paper. In the navigation accuracy measurement experiment, A, B, C, and D are set as the coordinates of the target points, and each point is tested for navigation. The position error of the two points D in the x direction is about 0.05m, while the coordinate error in the y direction is larger, which is greater than the set 0.05m. The designed system can correctly construct the map of environmental information and can avoid obstacles and move to the set target position accurately and autonomously, which verifies the reliability and accuracy of the experimental platform and the navigation system.