Above ground biomass and water use efficiency of crops at shallow water tables in a temperate climate

Influence of harvest season, cutting frequency and nitrogen fertilization of mountain meadows on yield, floristic composition and protein content of herbage

“…Similarly, CP production (kg/ha) increased in the first cuts and decreased in the regrowths (Tables 4 and 5) in response to the N application because of the negative effects of this fertilizer on the development of legumes (Honsova et al, 2007). Other authors have also observed increases in DM production (Keady & O´Kiely, 1998;Madakadze et al, 1999;Elliott & Abbott, 2003a;Aydin & Uzun, 2005;Comakli et al, 2005;Mueller et al, 2005) and CP production (McCaughey & Simons, 1998) in the first cuts in response to N fertilization. In agreement with our results (Table 5), McCaughey & Simons (1998) and Keady & O´Kiely (1998) reported no significant effects of N fertilization on DM herbage production in the regrowths.…”

Umweltwandel und die Folgen für den Landschaftswasserhaushalt

“…Für den Wasserhaushalt von Kleingewässern spielt weniger die Verdunstung von der Wasseroberfl äche als vielmehr die Transpiration der Vegetation im Uferbereich eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Jahresraten der Evapotranspiration dichter Schilfbestände liegen in der Regel deutlich, teils bis zum Dreifachen über der Jahresniederschlagsmenge (Herbst & Kappen 1993;Behrendt et al 2001;Dannowski & Balla 2004;Müller et al 2005). Generell weisen Oberfl ächengewässer und Feuchtgebiete in der Region Brandenburg-Berlin eine negative Wasserbilanz in Höhe von ca.…”

Irrigation of Field Crops in the Boreal Region

“…Subirrigation requires a flat field with a slope of less than 1-2% (Pajula & Triipponen, 2003) and sandy soil in which the capillary rise is high and soil permeability is sufficiently fast and uniform within a field (Geohring et al, 1995;Muellera et al, 2005). Optimum water table depth is related to soil type and crop grown on the field (Muellera et al, 2005).…”

“…Subirrigation requires a flat field with a slope of less than 1-2% (Pajula & Triipponen, 2003) and sandy soil in which the capillary rise is high and soil permeability is sufficiently fast and uniform within a field (Geohring et al, 1995;Muellera et al, 2005). Optimum water table depth is related to soil type and crop grown on the field (Muellera et al, 2005). Gilliam & Skaggs (1986) listed five environmental benefits that derive from using subirrigation: 1) more complete use of fertilizers, 2) reduced nutrient losses, 3) reduced leaching of pesticides and herbicides, 4) stabilized crop production and 5) more food grown on flat land, thereby removing erosion-prone land from cultivation and increasing land area for forests, grasslands, wildlife habitats and recreational uses.…”

“…Depending on the soil type and structure, a small volume of water can be lost by deep percolation and some can be gained by capillary rise of water from deeper soil layers. Groundwater can be a significant water resource in soils with a shallow water table (Muellera et al, 2005).…”