Abrasion of Stones Due to a Movement of Sea Ice Sheet

Abstract

The surface of concrete structures is subject to abrasion when they are constructed in sea water where ice movement is active. Abrasion occurs due to the friction force between ice sheets and the structure caused by the ice force working on the structure.Over the past ten years we have been conducting experiments with many types of concrete and their possible coating materials to find their characteristics of abrasion due to movements of ice sheets. In this experiment we calculated the abrasion rates (average amount of abrasion per 1 km movement of ice sheets) of various kinds of stone needed to estimate the abrasion amount due to movements of ice sheets which contain sand particles or not, and we also clarified the mechanism of abrasion.

Concrete-ice abrasion: Wear, coefficient of friction and ice consumption

“…The average ice density (measured for 11 samples) was 917.0 kg/m 3 for the part of the ice that is worn during the test (80 mm). The theoretical density of pure ice at −10 °C is 917.98 kg/m 3 [18], which means our ice samples had a porosity of 0.1%.…”

“…Finally, a stable stage with a constant wear rate was reached with exposure of the coarse aggregate. To achieve a constant wear rate from the beginning, tests of sawn concrete surfaces were proposed [3]. It was assumed that the abrasion of a surface would be stable if 1 cm was sawn off the sample to reach a concrete depth with a constant surface area fraction of aggregate.…”

“…Moreover, the degradation of concrete surfaces on a meso-scale can facilitate or initiate other degradation mechanisms, such as reinforcement corrosion, cracking, chemical and frost attack, and so on. Several research groups have therefore studied this topic in both laboratory experiments [1][2][3][4][5][6] and field observations [1,[7][8][9], with a view to controlling and preventing concrete ice abrasion. A major difficulty in service life modelling and prediction is that the wear mechanism involved in this process has not yet been precisely described.…”

Topography studies of concrete abraded with ice

“…The degradation of concrete surfaces due to ice is known as concrete-ice abrasion. This topic has been studied over the last 40 years through both field observations [4][5][6][7] and laboratory studies [4,[8][9][10][11][12]. The mechanics of the problem have also been investigated in reviews and using modelling [13].…”