Abscisic acid accumulation and carotenoid and chlorophyll content in relation to water stress and leaf age of different types of citrus

Norman, Shirley M.; Maier, V. P.; Pon, Darryl L.

doi:10.1021/jf00096a007

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Considering that the immediate epoxycarotenoid precursors are always present in large excess relative to ABA (Norman et al, 1990) and that the enzyme activities of the final two steps from xanthoxin to ABA are not affected by dehydration, it follows that the cleavage reaction from epoxycarotenoids to xanthoxin is the most likely regulatory step in the pathway.…”

Section: Abamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Five "Classical" Plant Hormones.

1997

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Section: Abamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Five "Classical" Plant Hormones.

1997

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“…The carotenoid precursors are present in very high concentrations relative to ABA, indicating that synthesis of the 9-cis-xanthophylls is unlikely to regulate ABA synthesis in plant tissues (7). The enzyme activities required for conversion of xanthoxin to ABA are constitutively active in most plant tissues (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic control of abscisic acid biosynthesis in maize

Tan

Schwartz

Zeevaart

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

568

403

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Abscisic acid (ABA), an apocarotenoid synthesized from cleavage of carotenoids, regulates seed maturation and stress responses in plants. The viviparous seed mutants of maize identify genes involved in synthesis and perception of ABA. Two alleles of a new mutant, viviparous14 (vp14), were identified by transposon mutagenesis. Mutant embryos had normal sensitivity to ABA, and detached leaves of mutant seedlings showed markedly higher rates of water loss than those of wild type. The ABA content of developing mutant embryos was 70% lower than that of wild type, indicating a defect in ABA biosynthesis. vp14 embryos were not deficient in epoxy-carotenoids, and extracts of vp14 embryos efficiently converted the carotenoid cleavage product, xanthoxin, to ABA, suggesting a lesion in the cleavage reaction. vp14 was cloned by transposon tagging. The VP14 protein sequence is similar to bacterial lignostilbene dioxygenases (LSD). LSD catalyzes a double-bond cleavage reaction that is closely analogous to the carotenoid cleavage reaction of ABA biosynthesis. Southern blots indicated a family of four to six related genes in maize. The Vp14 mRNA is expressed in embryos and roots and is strongly induced in leaves by water stress. A family of Vp14-related genes evidently controls the first committed step of ABA biosynthesis. These genes are likely to play a key role in the developmental and environmental control of ABA synthesis in plants.In plants, abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormonal regulator of seed maturation (1) that mediates responses to a variety of stress conditions including water stress (2). Biochemical studies (3) and analyses of mutants that block ABA synthesis (4, 5) indicate that ABA is synthesized from oxidative cleavage of epoxy-carotenoids to produce xanthoxin, which is subsequently converted to ABA via the ABA-aldehyde intermediate (6).Biochemical studies suggest that cleavage of 9-cisxanthophylls is the key regulatory step in the ABA biosynthetic pathway (6). The carotenoid precursors are present in very high concentrations relative to ABA, indicating that synthesis of the 9-cis-xanthophylls is unlikely to regulate ABA synthesis in plant tissues (7). The enzyme activities required for conversion of xanthoxin to ABA are constitutively active in most plant tissues (6). However, protein synthesis and transcription inhibitors prevent induction of ABA synthesis in droughtstressed leaves, indicating that stress-induced ABA synthesis requires gene expression (reviewed in ref.3).ABA-deficient mutants are known in maize, Arabidopsis, and a few other species (3,5,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). In maize, ABA-deficient mutants cause precocious seed germination (1). The Arabidopsis aba1 and N. plumbaginifolia aba2 mutants are deficient in the epoxy-carotenoid precursors of ABA (4, 11) and encode a zeaxanthin epoxidase (5). The steps downstream of the cleavage reaction, conversion of xanthoxin to ABA-aldehyde and oxidation of ABA-aldehyde to ABA, are defined in Arabidopsis by the aba2 and aba3 mutants, respectively (9).Other ...

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“…The all-trans-#-carotene from C . rosicola (retention time (Rt) 11 .72 min-eluent D ; Rt 20 .81 min-eluent E) had the same Rt and spectra as commercial authentic all-trans-l-carotene and as all-trans-f3-carotene isolated from citrus leaves [14] . UV-VIZ absorption maxima of the isolated #-carotene where )Lmax nm .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Generally, the carotenoids collected from the MgO-Celite and the HPLC preparative columns were further purified and collected from HPLC analytical columns . A Whatman ODS-3 C 18 analytical column was used with a 16 min gradient from CH 3 CN-MeOH-H 2 0 (55 :20 :25) (eluent B) to 100% CH 3 CN-MeOH-THF (75 :25 :2) (eluent C) [14] or isocratically with CH 3 CN-MeOH-THF-H20 (75 :25 :2 :1) (eluent D) at 2 ml/min . A Vydac 201TP45 RP C 18 analytical column was used isocratically with McOH-CH 3 CN-CH 2 Cl 2 (90 :10 :4) (eluent E) [1, 5] at 0 .7 ml/min .…”

Section: Hplc Of Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

?-carotene from the abscisic acid producing strain of Cercospora rosicola

Norman

1991

Plant Growth Regul

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3-carotene was isolated from an extract of Cercospora rosicola mycelia and identified on the basis of chromatographic properties and UV-visible spectroscopic evidence . The accumulation of #-carotene was inhibited 71 and 52% by 10 µM amounts of decylimidazole and fluridone, resepectively . Abscisic acid accumulation was inhibited 63% by decylimidazole and enhanced about 10% by fluridone . Several other inhibitors of carotenoid synthesis failed to inhibit ABA biosynthesis .

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Abscisic acid accumulation and carotenoid and chlorophyll content in relation to water stress and leaf age of different types of citrus

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

The Five "Classical" Plant Hormones.

The Five "Classical" Plant Hormones.

Genetic control of abscisic acid biosynthesis in maize

?-carotene from the abscisic acid producing strain of Cercospora rosicola

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