Abscisic Acid Content of Algae under Stress*

Hirsch, Rolf D.; Hartung, Wolfram; Gimmler, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1989.tb00113.x

Cited by 85 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The ABA content ranged from c. 50-2000 pmol g −" d. wt for hydrated thalli, corresponding to an ABA content in the range of c. 20-700 pmol g −" f. wt. This is about an order of magnitude higher than the ABA content of nonstressed algal cells (3-34 pmol g −" f. wt weight ; Hirsch, Hartung & Gimmler, 1989). Conversely, some fungi have substantially higher ABA contents (up to 7800 pmol g −" d. wt ; Kettner & Do$ rffling, 1987 ; Crocoll, Kettner & Do$ rffling, 1991).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…But only c. 5 % of the total intracellular label was found in ABA metabolites and a relatively high percentage of labelled products was released into the medium (Hirsch et al, 1989). Also, cyanobacteria might release high amounts of ABA into the surrounding medium.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incubation of the green algae Dunaliella parva and D. salina with ["%C]ABA resulted in the synthesis of labelled metabolic products of ABA, putatively identified as phaseic acid, dihydrophaseic acid and glucose esters of ABA (Hirsch et al, 1989 ;Cowan & Rose, 1991). But only c. 5 % of the total intracellular label was found in ABA metabolites and a relatively high percentage of labelled products was released into the medium (Hirsch et al, 1989).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abscisic acid in lichens: variation, water relations and metabolism

Dietz

Hartung

1998

New Phytologist

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For the first time the well known drought stress hormone abscisic acid, which is involved in regulating processes increasing desiccation tolerance in many plant systems, was analysed in lichens. ABA was detected in all 26 species investigated. In contrast to higher plants and liverworts, the ABA content increased after hydration of air dry lichen thalli and decreased in desiccating lichen material. Experiments with Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent indicated that the mycobiont might be the major site of ABA biosynthesis. After incubation of hydrated lichen thalli with radioactive ABA for up to 72 h no metabolism to phaseic acid and dihydrophaseic acid could be detected. Fluctuations of internal ABA might be a result of ABA release to the external medium.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abscisic acid in lichens: variation, water relations and metabolism

Dietz

Hartung

1998

New Phytologist

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“…GC-MS studies have shown the presence of ABA in several algal species, such as Dunaliella parva, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Ulva lactuca, Draparnaldia mutabilis and Chara foetida (Bradley, 1991). Furthermore, tests of 64 algal species revealed an accumulation of ABA under adverse environmental conditions (Hirsch et al, 1989). Similar effects are seen in bacteria (Cohen et al, 2008) and higher plants; ABA accumulates in the tissues of plants grown under water-, osmotic-or salt-stress conditions, and can act as an important stress-alleviating factor (Creelman & Zeevaart, 1985;LaRosa et al, 1985;Stewart et al, 1986;Bensen et al, 1988;Zeevaart & Creelman, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Euglena gracilis(Euglenophyceae) produces abscisic acid and cytokinins and responds to their exogenous application singly and in combination with other growth regulators

Noble

Kisiała

Galer

et al. 2014

European Journal of Phycology

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The main objective of this study was to determine the optimal concentrations of a wide spectrum of exogenous phytohormones for effective stimulation of cell division and production of maximum cell yield in Euglena gracilis Klebs cultured in vitro. Results indicate that two hormones combined exert more effective growth stimulation than a single hormone or three, four or five different hormones combined. Specifically, trans-zeatin at 10 −7 M combined with abscisic acid at 10 −9 M produced optimal conditions for growth, yielding the maximum cell concentration. High concentrations of exogenous phytohormones were toxic to Euglena. The addition of trans-zeatin, N6-isopentenyladenine, and benzylaminopurine to Euglena cultures resulted in dense, dark green chloroplasts, suggesting that exogenous phytohormones increased the production of chlorophyll. Given the response to exogenous growth regulators, the study identified and quantified the types of endogenous cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA) synthesized in vitro by Euglena gracilis. HPLC-(ESI) MS/MS analysis revealed that the algal cells produced and released into the medium a mixture of CKs and ABA. The main CKs identified in the cell pellets and supernatant samples were from a t-RNA degradation pathway and included: cis-zeatin (cZ) derivatives cZR, cZNT, MeSZ and MeSZR, and to a lesser extent, the free base N6-isopentenyladenine (iP) and its derivatives iPR, iPNT, MeSiP and MeSiPA. A positive response to ABA, and the relatively high levels detected in E. gracilis, suggest that this hormone is important for alleviating stress conditions of in vitro culture that might otherwise restrict cell division.Key words: abscisic acid, algal growth, cell morphology, cytokinin, phytohormone treatment, high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

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“…in o CM in o reported to be present in various cyanobacteria (Hirsch et al, 1989). Measurement of the ABA levels in Anabaena 7120 revealed very low levels of ABA that did not exceed 0.2 /*M and did not change with increasing Sue (data not shown).…”

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confidence: 79%

An Osmotic Stress Protein of Cyanobacteria Is Immunologically Related to Plant Dehydrins

Lammers

1993

Plant Physiol.

127

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Dehydrins are a family of desiccation proteins that were identified originally in plants (T.J. Close, A.A. Kortt, P.M. Chandler [1989] Plant Mo1 Biol 13: 95-108; G. Calau, T.J. Close 119921 Plant Physiol 98: 1523-1525. Dehydrins are characterized by the consensus amino acid sequence domain EKKCIMDKIKEKLPG found at or near the carboxy terminus; the core of this domain (KIKEKLPC) may be repeated from one to many times within the complete polypeptide. Dehydrins generally accumulate in plants in response to dehydration stress, regardless of whether the stimulus is evaporation, chilling, or a decrease in externa1 osmotic potential. Polyclonal antibodies highly specific to the consensus carboxy terminus of plant dehydrins were used to search for dehydrins in cyanobacteria, many of which are known to survive desiccation. A 40-kD osmoticstress-induced protein was identified in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. The 40-kD protein was usually not detected in logarithmic cultures and was induced by shifting the growth medium to higher solute concentrations. Severa1 solutes have inductive effects, including sucrose, sorbitol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Measurements of osmotic potential suggest that a shift of -0.5 MPa (sucrose and PEC) or -1.2 MPa (sorbitol) is sufficient to induce synthesis of the 40-kD protein. Glycerol, which is highly permeable, was not an inducer at -1.2 MPa (0.5 M), nor was the plant hormone abscisic acid. lnduction appears to be evoked by a shift in osmotic potential approximately equal in absolute magnitude to the expected turgor pressure of bacterial cells in logarithmic phase growth. A dehydrinlike polypeptide was also identified among osmotically induced proteins from two other filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. A 40-kD protein was observed in Calothrix sp. strain PCC 7601, and in Nostoc sp. strain Mac-R2, an osmotic-induced doublet at 39 and 40 kD was observed. From these data, it appears that cyanobacteria produce a dehydrin-like protein under osmotic stress. IThe responses of living organisms to abiotic stress show remarkable similarities over a wide evolutionary distance. This is particularly true of biochemical adaptations operating at the cellular level, as exemplified by the well-known heatshock response (Vierling, 1991; Zeilstra-Ryalls et al., 1991). Because drought or water stress is likely to have been as pervasive as heat shock during the evolution of life on this planet, we hypothesized that successful adaptive strategies for water-limited environments would be as conserved as the heat-shock response. Such conservation would be detectable in the primary structure of proteins functioning in waterstress adaptation. We report here on the presence of osmoregulated proteins in cyanobacteria that are immunologically related to a family of higher plant desiccation proteins known as dehydrins.Dehydrins are a family of proteins characterized by the amino acid consensus sequence KIKEKLPG, which is found one to many times within the complete dehydrin protein sequence (Galau and C...

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Abscisic Acid Content of Algae under Stress*

Cited by 85 publications

References 41 publications

Abscisic acid in lichens: variation, water relations and metabolism

Abscisic acid in lichens: variation, water relations and metabolism

Euglena gracilis(Euglenophyceae) produces abscisic acid and cytokinins and responds to their exogenous application singly and in combination with other growth regulators

An Osmotic Stress Protein of Cyanobacteria Is Immunologically Related to Plant Dehydrins

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