Abscisic Acid Regulates Fleshy Fruit Ripening and Stress Resistance

The heavy blooming of apple trees results in the inefficient usage of energy and nutritional material, and additional expenditure on fruitlet thinning is required to maintain fruit quality. A possible solution for controlling the fruit load on trees is the development of new cultivars that self-eliminate excess fruitlets, thus controlling yield. The aim of our study was to identify biological differences in apple cultivars in terms of blooming intensity and fruitlet load self-regulation. In total, 19 apple cultivars were studied in the years 2015–2017. The dynamics of fruitlet self-elimination, seed development in fruitlets and fruits, photosynthetic parameters, carbohydrates, and plant hormones were evaluated. We established that apple cultivars self-eliminating a small number of fruitlets need a lower number of well-developed seeds in fruit, and their number of leaves and area per fruit on a bearing branch are larger, compared to cultivars, self-eliminating large numbers of fruitlets. A higher carbohydrate amount in the leaves may be related to smaller fruitlet self-elimination. The amount of auxin and a high indole-3-acetic acid/zeatin ratio between leaves of cultivar groups with heavy blooming were higher than in cultivars with moderate blooming. A lower amount of abscisic acid was found in heavy-blooming cultivars during drought stress. All these parameters may be used as markers for the selection of different apple genotypes that self-eliminate fruitlets.

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“…Plant hormones regulate fruit development [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Auxin and cytokinin are the main plant hormones responsible for fruit growth [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes

Starkus

Frercks

Gelvonauskienė

et al. 2021

Plants

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Diverse functional interactions between ABA and ethylene in plant development and responses to stress

Liu,

Zeng,

Hasan

et al. 2024

Physiologia Plantarum

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Abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene are two essential hormones that play crucial roles throughout the entire plant life cycle and in their tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress. In recent decades, increasing research has revealed that, in addition to their individual roles, these two hormones are more likely to function through their interactions, forming a complex regulatory network. More importantly, their functions change and their interactions vary from synergistic to antagonistic depending on the specific plant organ and development stage, which is less focused, compared and systematically summarized. In this review, we first introduce the general synthesis and action signaling pathways of these two plant hormones individually and their interactions in relation to seed dormancy and germination, primary root growth, shoot development, fruit ripening, leaf senescence and abscission, and stomatal movement regulation under both normal and stress conditions. A better understanding of the complex interactions between ABA and ethylene will enhance our knowledge of how plant hormones regulate development and respond to stress and may facilitate the development of crops with higher yields and greater tolerance to stressful environments through tissue‐specific genetic modifications in the future.

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Genome-wide identification and expression profile of YABBY genes in Averrhoa carambola

Dong

Shen

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Background Members of the plant-specific YABBY gene family are thought to play an important role in the development of leaf, flower, and fruit. The YABBY genes have been characterized and regarded as vital contributors to fruit development in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato, in contrast to that in the important tropical economic fruit star fruit (Averrhoa carambola), even though its genome is available. Methods In the present study, a total of eight YABBY family genes (named from AcYABBY1 to AcYABBY8) were identified from the genome of star fruit, and their phylogenetic relationships, functional domains and motif compositions, physicochemical properties, chromosome locations, gene structures, protomer elements, collinear analysis, selective pressure, and expression profiles were further analyzed. Results Eight AcYABBY genes (AcYABBYs) were clustered into five clades and were distributed on five chromosomes, and all of them had undergone negative selection. Tandem and fragment duplications rather than WGD contributed to YABBY gene number in the star fruit. Expression profiles of AcYABBYs from different organs and developmental stages of fleshy fruit indicated that AcYABBY4 may play a specific role in regulating fruit size. These results emphasize the need for further studies on the functions of AcYABBYs in fruit development.

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Abscisic Acid Regulates Fleshy Fruit Ripening and Stress Resistance

Cited by 3 publications

References 204 publications

Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes

Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes

Diverse functional interactions between ABA and ethylene in plant development and responses to stress

Genome-wide identification and expression profile of YABBY genes in Averrhoa carambola

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