Abscopal Effect, From Myth to Reality: From Radiation Oncologists' Perspective

Yilmaz, Melek Tugce; Elmalı, Aysenur; Yazıcı, Gözde

doi:10.7759/cureus.3860

Cited by 62 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Communication between irradiated and non-irradiated neighbouring cells (bystander effects) or out-of-field cells (abscopal effects) can cause cellular damage and underlies non-targeted effects of IR (NTE) [19]. Cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, 2, 6, 8, 10 and TGF-β, play a crucial role in cell-cell communication as they are normally secreted in the microenvironment.…”

Section: The Role Of Signalling Molecules and Radiation Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Does Direct and Indirect Exposure to Ionising Radiation Influence the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells

Kadhim

Mayah

Brooks

2020

Cancers

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Ionising radiation (IR) is commonly used for cancer therapy; however, its potential influence on the metastatic ability of surviving cancer cells exposed directly or indirectly to IR remains controversial. Metastasis is a multistep process by which the cancer cells dissociate from the initial site, invade, travel through the blood stream or lymphatic system, and colonise distant sites. This complex process has been reported to require cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by which the cancer cells convert from an adhesive, epithelial to motile, mesenchymal form and is also associated with changes in glycosylation of cell surface proteins, which may be functionally involved in metastasis. In this paper, we give an overview of metastatic mechanisms and of the fundamentals of cancer-associated glycosylation changes. While not attempting a comprehensive review of this wide and fast moving field, we highlight some of the accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo models for increased metastatic potential in cancer cells that survive IR, focusing on angiogenesis, cancer cell motility, invasion, and EMT and glycosylation. We also explore the indirect effects in cells exposed to exosomes released from irradiated cells. The results of such studies need to be interpreted with caution and there remains limited evidence that radiotherapy enhances the metastatic capacity of cancers in a clinical setting and undoubtedly has a very positive clinical benefit. However, there is potential that this therapeutic benefit may ultimately be enhanced through a better understanding of the direct and indirect effects of IR on cancer cell behaviour.

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Section: The Role Of Signalling Molecules and Radiation Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Does Direct and Indirect Exposure to Ionising Radiation Influence the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells

Kadhim

Mayah

Brooks

2020

Cancers

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“…Combination of both immunotherapy and radiotherapy may help in achieving the abscopal effect, which can result in an augmented response in the irradiated site as well as the metastatic regions away from the site of irradiation. [10] Further research is warranted in endometrial carcinoma to validate newer immunotherapy agents, to find new combination therapy of immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy for advanced endometrial cancer and to discover new biomarkers that could accurately predict the response to immunotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastatic endometrial carcinoma responsive to pembrolizumab

Gandham

Jayamohanan

Rajanbabu

et al. 2021

IJMIO

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Carcinoma of the endometrium is the second most common and the fourth leading cause of mortality due to gynecological cancer among women worldwide. About 80% of endometrial carcinomas present as localized disease and have a 5-year survival rate of more than 95%. Most of the recurrent and metastatic endometrial cancers have a poor prognosis, and the response to chemotherapy is poor. The treatment options for advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma are limited. Several trials investigated the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in endometrial cancer. Based on these trials, pembrolizumab was approved for individuals with unresectable recurrent or metastatic disease. In the current era of advancing immunotherapy, identification of mismatch repair deficiency or microsatellite instability status can predict response to drugs like pembrolizumab. Here, we report a 62-year-old lady with metastatic endometrial cancer who progressed on first-line therapy with lung and lymph nodal metastases. She was oxygen dependent and was bedridden. As she was not fit for chemotherapy, and her MSI status was found to be unstable, she was treated with pembrolizumab and had a remarkable recovery.

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“…AbEs explore regressions in tumors and lesions, including metastatic regions induced by radiation. It is also essential to enhance increased radiation dose, site timing, and irradiation, and fractionations with other systematic therapies resulting in reduced metastases and tumors [17]. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) hence guarantees accurate measurement, schedule, and checking of radiological images effectively [18].…”

Section: Abscopal Effects -Current and Future Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Therapy as a Modality to Create Abscopal Effects: Current and Future Practices

Adjepong

Malik

2020

Cureus

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In our empathetic understanding of abscopal effect (AbE), research has shown that the immune system is stimulated by radiation, which results in the formation of an AbE. The AbE is referred to as a response from the irradiated volume. Despite the existence of key gaps in our understanding, there is an urgent need to explore what the underlying effect is. The aim of this article is to argue neurosurgeons and the healthcare practitioner's knowledge of the AbE. Our goal is to identify more gaps in our understanding of the AbE and seal other gaps as well. This study will review medical journals and bring together the most updated information related to AbEs.

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Abscopal Effect, From Myth to Reality: From Radiation Oncologists' Perspective

Cited by 62 publications

References 19 publications

Does Direct and Indirect Exposure to Ionising Radiation Influence the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells

Does Direct and Indirect Exposure to Ionising Radiation Influence the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells

Metastatic endometrial carcinoma responsive to pembrolizumab

Radiation Therapy as a Modality to Create Abscopal Effects: Current and Future Practices

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