Absence of differential associative responses to novel and familiar taste stimuli in rats lacking gustatory neocortex.

Kiefer, Stephen W.; Braun, J. Jay

doi:10.1037/h0077347

Cited by 66 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We were surprised at the lack of a neophobic response to acid in normal rats because Kiefer and Braun (1977), using a slightly greater concentration (25 mM as compared with 20 mM in the present study), had observed neophobia. However, other differences in procedure, beyond the stimulus intensity difference, may have masked such an effect.…”

Section: Molar Concentrationcontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…The change in responsiveness to quinine exhibited by control, but not ON-ablated, groups ( Figure 8) was observed previously over a 4-day period of consecutive familiarization presentations of .1 mM quinine (Kiefer & Braun, 1977). Therefore, normal rats display "neophobia" (Barnett, 1958;see, also, Corey, 1978) for initial presentations of quinine, which habituates with experience, and rats lacking ON do not display neophobia to this concentration of quinine.…”

Section: Molar Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Likewise, taste criterion-threshold assessments were noted to be highly variable in early work (e.g., Benjamin & Pfaffmann, 1955), suggesting that rats were inclined to be neglectful of the quinine stimuli, an inclination that could be overcome by increased "vigilance" (Head & Holmes, 1911) under conditions of deprivation. This suggestion is supported by the apparent loss of reactivity to the novelty dimension of a quinine stimulus reported by Kiefer and Braun (1977), a loss that appears to be overcome after a one-trial pairing of the taste with toxicosis.…”

Section: Molar Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Because the effects of both novelty and intensity increase as a function of increasing taste concentration, becoming increasingly different from "safe and familiar" water (Kalat & Rozin, 1973), we wished to selectively assess the role of "novelty" in the acquisition impairments that we had observed in rats lacking GN (Kiefer & Braun, 1977). Using a balanced design, normal and operated rats were subjected to a series of familiarization trials with either .1 mM quinine hydrochloride or 25 mM HCI taste stimuli.…”

Section: Gustatory Neocortex 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The gustatory neocortex of the rat

1982

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Research findings related to the functional significance of the gustatory neocortical system of the rat are reviewed and interpreted. Studies of gustatory neocortex (GN) involvement in taste-related cognitive processes are emphasized after briefly reviewing GN anatomy and physiology. Evidence is presented supporting the conclusion that the GN contributes relatively little to fundamental taste reactivity, but is deeply involved in cognitive (learning and memorial) taste processes; that is, "reactive salience" to taste stimuli is preserved following GN ablation, while "associative salience" is markedly degraded. Apparent functional similarities between GN and other sensory neocortical areas are emphasized throughout the paper, and a hierarchical view of gustatory system functioning is addressed.Patton began his 1950 review of the chemical senses by pointing out that taste and smell essentially had been neglected relative to the other sensory systems. As a partial explanation for this neglect, he men-

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Section: Molar Concentrationcontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Molar Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Molar Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Gustatory Neocortex 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The gustatory neocortex of the rat

1982

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“…The insula receives input from the basolateral amygdala (Krettek and Price, 1977;Shinonaga et al, 1994) and projects to the striatum (Wright and Groenewegan, 1996) and is thus is considered an integral part of the corticomesolimbic system. The insula is hypothesized to mediate higher cognitive processes such as memory and learning related to taste (Balleine and Dickinson, 2000;Braun et al, 1972;Kiefer and Braun, 1977). Lesion studies support the hypothesis that insular cortex is crucial to encoding the incentive value of taste during instrumental conditioning (Balleine and Dickinson, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Differential Brain Activity in Alcoholics and Social Drinkers to Alcohol Cues: Relationship to Craving

Myrick

Anton

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

472

345

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Using fMRI, our group previously found that after a sip of alcohol and exposure to alcohol beverage pictures, alcoholics compared to social drinkers had increased differential brain activity in the prefrontal cortex and anterior thalamus. This study extends this earlier work with several improvements including imaging the entire brain (rather than the anterior half previously) and recording craving, while the subjects viewed images within the scanner. In a Philips 1.5 T MRI scanner, 10 nontreatment-seeking alcoholics and 10 age-matched healthy social drinkers were given a sip of alcohol before viewing a 12 min randomized presentation of pictures of alcoholic beverages, nonalcoholic beverages, and two different visual control tasks. During picture presentation, changes in regional brain activity were measured in 15 transverse T2*-weighted blood oxygen level dependent slices. Subjects rated their urge to drink after each picture sequence. After a sip of alcohol, while viewing alcohol cues compared to viewing other beverage cues, the alcoholics, but not social drinkers, reported higher craving ratings and had increased activity in the prefrontal cortex and anterior limbic regions. Brain activity in the left nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate, and left orbitofrontal cortex significantly correlated with subjective craving ratings in alcohol subjects but not in control subjects. This study suggests, as did our earlier study, that alcoholics and not social drinkers, when exposed to alcohol cues, have increased brain activity in areas that reportedly subserve craving for other addictive substances.

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Conditioned Taste Aversions

Chambers¹

2015

Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation

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When one becomes ill after consuming a meal, there is a propensity to target a particular taste as the cause of the illness. The qualities of the taste most likely targeted include more novel, less preferred, and higher protein content. This association between a particular taste and illness is a form of learning that is termed conditioned taste aversion (CTA). A consequence of the learned association is that the taste will become aversive. When experiencing the taste again, individuals will show aversive reactions such as expressions of loathing, will experience mimicked illness sensations such as nausea, and subsequently, will avoid further exposure to the taste. The ability to acquire CTA occurs across species and across ages within a species. In the rat animal model, however, age differences exist in the capability of acquiring CTAs when increasingly longer intervals are imposed between consumption of a novel sweet solution and onset of illness. Pups have a decreased ability compared to young adults while aged rats have an increased ability. Evidence suggests that the failure of pups to acquire CTA at longer intervals is due to an immature retrieval mechanism and the facilitated ability of aged rats is due to a compromised clock mechanism that tracks the passage of time. Learned taste-illness association serves the critical function of informing individuals of the toxic nature of certain foods, thus preventing further illness and potentially death. Additionally, it contributes to the hypophagia observed during cancer chemotherapy and may contribute to the hypophagia found while suffering from bacterial infection, chronic medical conditions such as cancer, and restrictive food intake disorders such as anorexia nervosa.

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Absence of differential associative responses to novel and familiar taste stimuli in rats lacking gustatory neocortex.

Cited by 66 publications

References 21 publications

The gustatory neocortex of the rat

The gustatory neocortex of the rat

Differential Brain Activity in Alcoholics and Social Drinkers to Alcohol Cues: Relationship to Craving

Conditioned Taste Aversions

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