Absence of HTLV‐I infection among seronegative subjects in an endemic area of Japan

Kinoshita, Tomohiro; Imamura, Jun; Nagai, Hirokazu; Ito, Mizuko; Ito, Shinichiro; Ikeda, S; Nagatomo, Masazumi; Tajima, Kazuo; Shimotohno, Kunitada

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910540104

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…19) A validation study also showed that the presence of HTLV-I proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as detected by the polymerase chain reaction method, was closely correlated with serum HTLV-I antibodies tested by the IF method. 20) Thus, we concluded that any misclassification of HTLV-I carrier status would have been very small and did not pose a problem in this study. Information on other variables Blood pressure, body mass index, and serum total cholesterol levels were measured at the time of AHS health examinations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Human T‐Lymphotropic Virus Type‐I Infection, Antibody Titers and Cause‐specific Mortality among Atomic‐bomb Survivors

Arisawa¹,

Soda²,

Akahoshi³

et al. 1998

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Human T‐Lymphotropic Virus Type‐I Infection, Antibody Titers and Cause‐specific Mortality among Atomic‐bomb Survivors

Arisawa¹,

Soda²,

Akahoshi³

et al. 1998

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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“…HTLV‐1 infection has been shown to be associated with the development of HAID and cases have been reported in HTLV‐1 endemic regions. Japan has the highest prevalence of HTLV‐1 , and in spite of this, HAID is rarely reported in this population, whilst various other skin eruptions of prognostic significance are seen in approximately 50% of Japanese ATLL patients . This indicates that other factors such as host, environmental and genetic factors may play a causative role.…”

Section: Genetics Host and Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereafter, it was disseminated to the new world via the transatlantic slave trade and possibly through mongoloid migration across the land bridge Beringia during the Palaeolithic era . The virus is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean, South America and Africa . Approximately 10–20 million people are infected worldwide and only 5–10% suffer from the disease .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV‐1‐associated infective dermatitis: updates on the pathogenesis

McGill

Vyas

Shimauchi

et al. 2012

Experimental Dermatology

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HTLV-1-associated infective dermatitis (HAID) is the main paediatric manifestation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It is characterised by a chronic exudative eczematous eruption and persistent infection with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS). Prevalence is highest in the Caribbean and Brazil; however, cases have been reported in other HTLV-1 endemic regions. Approximately 20 million people worldwide are infected with HTLV-1 and only 5-10% suffer from disease. Other manifestations include adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). HAID may also progress to ATLL or TSP/HAM. Treatment options are limited to prolonged antibiotic therapy. The aim of this paper is to review existing evidence and propose new theories on the pathogenesis of HAID. The current view is that HTLV-1 infection is required and in susceptible individuals leads to immune dysregulation with subsequent immunosuppression and superinfection with SA and BHS. Evidence suggests that host, environment and genetic factors may play a causative role. Genetic factors within ethnic groups determine host immune response and carrier state or disease manifestation of HTLV-1 infection. Increased IgE levels may contribute to the SA and BHS superinfection in HAID. Additionally, the possible impact of filaggrin, skin proteinase dysregulation, Langerhans cell dysfunction and TH2 chemokines is highlighted. More than 45 years since the discovery of HAID, the exact pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Further research is still needed to clearly elucidate the exact pathogenic mechanism of HAID.

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“…Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados em outros estudos similares (d' Auriol et al, 1990;van der Ryst et al, 1996). No entanto, trabalhos pesquisando sequências genômicas do HTLV-1 em soronegativos sem doenças neurológicas não encontraram discrepância entre os resultados obtidos por PCR e por exames de pesquisa de anticorpo (Nakashima et al, 1990;Kinoshita et al, 1993). Embora a literatura não seja unânime, a infecção falha pelo HTLV-1 onde não há produção de anticorpos, porém sequências como a tax estão presentes parece ser uma possibilidade e uma interessante alternativa para a presença desse gene nas glândulas salivares de pessoas com SS e HTLV-1 negativas.…”

Section: Cd4unclassified

Detecção de proteínas e partículas virais do HTLV-1 em glândulas salivares de pacientes com Síndrome de Sjögren e de infectados pelo HTLV-1

Vale¹

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Vale DA. Detection of HTLV-1 viral proteins and particles in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's Syndrome and patients infected with HTLV-1 [thesis]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia; 2017. Versão original. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus to be discovered. HTLV-1 has the ability to activate and generate an intense inflammatory response, which can lead to changes in several tissues that mimic an autoimmune disease Of the complex of diseases associated with HTLV-1, Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is among the most studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of HTLV-1 in the minor salivary glands of patients infected with this retrovirus and to compare the morphological alterations in the salivary glands of patients with HTLV-1 and patients with SS uninfected. Minor salivary gland samples were obtained from 14 HTLV + patients with dry syndrome (study group) and 5 patients diagnosed with SS and HTLV negative (control group). In the study group, the inflammatory infiltrate was mainly composed of CD4+ T lymphocytes, in the control group the majority population was of CD20+ B lymphocytes. Morphological changes such as fibrosis and adipose tissue infiltration were more common in the study group, the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.038 and 0.033, respectively). The HTLV-1 tax and/or rex genes were detected by PCR in 11 (78.57%) patients of the study group, but 4 (80%) samples from the control group were also positive. HTLV-1 shows signs of being present in the salivary glands of individuals with dry syndrome however, HTLV-1+ patients present morphological alterations in different patterns from those observed in SS patients, denoting a probable difference in the immunological activation process.

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Absence of HTLV‐I infection among seronegative subjects in an endemic area of Japan

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Human T‐Lymphotropic Virus Type‐I Infection, Antibody Titers and Cause‐specific Mortality among Atomic‐bomb Survivors

Human T‐Lymphotropic Virus Type‐I Infection, Antibody Titers and Cause‐specific Mortality among Atomic‐bomb Survivors

HTLV‐1‐associated infective dermatitis: updates on the pathogenesis

Detecção de proteínas e partículas virais do HTLV-1 em glândulas salivares de pacientes com Síndrome de Sjögren e de infectados pelo HTLV-1

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