Absence of kdr resistance alleles in the Union of the Comoros, East Africa

Y, Lee; Olson, Natalie; Yamasaki, Youki; Chang, Allison; Marsden, Clare D.; Ouledi, A.; Lanzaro, Gregory C.; Cornel, Anthony J.

doi:10.12688/f1000research.6567.1

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…coluzzii sample with more than two gambiae-specific markers is considered “introgressed”. This is consistent with previous studies [11, 14]. The L1014F mutation was not considered a species-specific marker.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Introgression between Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in Burkina Faso and its associations with kdr resistance and Plasmodium infection

Hanemaaijer

Higgins

Eralp

et al. 2019

Malar J

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Background Insecticide resistance in Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes has become widespread throughout West Africa including in Burkina Faso. The insecticide resistance allele ( kdr or L1014F) is a prime indicator that is highly correlated with phenotypic resistance in West Africa. Studies from Benin, Ghana and Mali have suggested that the source of the L1014F is introgression of the 2L divergence island via interspecific hybridization with Anopheles gambiae. The goal of this study was to characterize local mosquito populations in the Nouna Department, Burkina Faso with respect to: (i) the extent of introgression between An. coluzzii and An. gambiae , (ii) the frequency of the L1014F mutation and (iii) Plasmodium infection rates. Methods A total of 95 mosquitoes were collected from ten sites surrounding Nouna town in Kossi Province, Burkina Faso in 2012. The species composition, the extent of introgression in An. coluzzii mosquitoes and their Plasmodium infection rates were identified with a modified version of the “Divergence Island SNP” (DIS) genotyping assay. Results The mosquito collection contained 70.5% An. coluzzii , 89.3% of which carried a 3 Mb genomic region on the 2L chromosome with L1014F insecticide resistance mutation that was introgressed from An. gambiae . In addition, 22.4% in the introgressed An. coluzzii specimens were infected with Plasmodium falciparum , whereas none of the non-introgressed (“pure”) An. coluzzii were infected. Conclusion This paper is the first report providing divergence island SNP genotypes for natural population of Burkina Faso and corresponding Plasmodium infection rates. These observations warrant further study and could have a major impact on future malaria control strategies in Burkina Faso. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2759-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…DNA was extracted from head/thorax tissue using the QIAGEN Biosprint 96 system with QIAGEN blood tissue reagents following established protocols [12, 13]. A modified version of the “Divergence Island SNP” (DIS) assay [11, 14] was used to distinguish An. gambiae , An.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introgression between Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in Burkina Faso and its associations with kdr resistance and Plasmodium infection

Hanemaaijer

Higgins

Eralp

et al. 2019

Malar J

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“…In cases of doubt in the morphological identifications, pinned specimens were compared with specimens in the reference collections of the South African National Institute for Communicable Diseases. For members of the Anopheles gambiae complex and Anopheles funestus group, laboratory PCR identifications were done on individually-tubed specimens preserved in tubes containing silica gel ( funestus group) or 80% ethanol ( gambiae complex) following protocols in [ 74 – 76 ], respectively. Anopheles funestus group members from Moremi and Khwai were not identified to group member because the DNA of these specimens was too degraded for preservation by the time we got back to the base camp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito community composition in South Africa and some neighboring countries

Cornel

Almeida

et al. 2018

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundA century of studies have described particular aspects of relatively few mosquito species in southern Africa, mostly those species involved with disease transmission, specifically malaria and arboviruses. Patterns of community composition such as mosquito abundance and species diversity are often useful measures for medical entomologists to guide broader insights and projections regarding disease dynamics and potential introduction, spread or maintenance of globally spreading pathogens. However, little research has addressed these indicators in southern Africa.ResultsWe collected 7882 mosquitoes from net and light traps at 11 localities comprising 66 species in 8 genera. We collected an additional 8 species using supplementary collection techniques such as larval sampling, sweep-netting and indoor pyrethrum knockdown catches. Highest diversity and species richness was found in the Okavango Delta of Botswana and in South Africa’s Kruger National Park, while the lowest diversity and abundances were in the extreme southern tip of South Africa and in semi-desert Kalahari close to the South Africa border with Botswana. Species composition was more similar between proximal localities than distant ones (Linear model P-value = 0.005). Multiple arbovirus vector species were detected in all localities we surveyed (proportion of vector mosquito numbers were > 0.5 in all locations except Shingwedzi). Their proportions were highest (> 90%) in Vilankulo and Kogelberg.ConclusionsMultiple known arbovirus vector species were found in all study sites, whereas anopheline human malaria vector species in only some sites. The combination of net traps and light traps effectively sampled mosquito species attracted to carbon-dioxide or light, accounting for 89% of the 74 species collected. The 11% remaining species were collected using supplementary collection techniques mentioned above. The diversity of species weas highest in savanna type habitats, whereas low diversities were found in the drier Kalahari sands regions and the southern Cape fynbos regions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2824-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…DNA was extracted from individual mosquito whole bodies using the QIAGEN Biosprint 96 system and QIAGEN blood tissue kit and protocols described in Nieman, Yamasaki, Collier, and Lee () and Yamasaki et al (). We used the “Divergence Island SNP” (DIS) assay (Lee, Marsden, Nieman, & Lanzaro, ) to genotype A. coluzzii , A. gambiae , F1 hybrids and early and late backcrosses as described in Lee, Marsden, et al () and Lee et al (). The DIS assay contains 14 species‐specific SNP markers that include 5 SNPs on the X chromosome, 5 on the 2L chromosome and 4 on the 3L chromosome (Lee et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of genes that cross species boundaries after a major hybridization event in a natural mosquito population

et al. 2018

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Animal species are able to acquire new genetic material via hybridization and subsequent introgression. However, little is known about how foreign genomic material is incorporated into a population over time and what genes are susceptible to introgression. Here, we follow the closely related mosquito sister species Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae in a sympatric natural population in Mali at multiple time points spanning a period of 25 years. During this period, we observed the temporary breakdown of mating barriers, which allowed us to explore the fate of alleles that crossed the species boundary in a natural population. Whole genome sequencing of 74 individuals revealed introgression within only 34 genes (0.26% of total genes) from A. gambiae to A. coluzzii, the majority contained within a 4 Mb region on the 2L chromosome which includes the insecticide resistance gene (AGAP004707). We designed a genotyping assay to follow 25 of the 34 introgressed alleles over time and found that all A. gambiae alleles, except four, reached a frequency of 50% in the A. coluzzii population within 4 years (~50 generations) and increased to ~80% within 6 years (~75 generations). However, the frequency of all introgressed alleles, except three, decreased to ~60% in 2016. This suggests an ongoing process of purifying selection in the population against DNA of foreign ancestry, except for alleles that are under positive selection, resulting in a complex genomic landscape. This study shows that stable introgression is limited to only specific genes even within closely related species.

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Absence of kdr resistance alleles in the Union of the Comoros, East Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Introgression between Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in Burkina Faso and its associations with kdr resistance and Plasmodium infection

Introgression between Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in Burkina Faso and its associations with kdr resistance and Plasmodium infection

Mosquito community composition in South Africa and some neighboring countries

The fate of genes that cross species boundaries after a major hybridization event in a natural mosquito population

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