Absence of MERS-Coronavirus in Bactrian Camels, Southern Mongolia, November 2014

Chan, Samuel M.S.; Damdinjav, Batchuluun; Perera, Ranawaka A.P.M.; Chu, Daniel K.W.; Khishgee, Bodisaikhan; Bazarragchaa, Enkhbold; Poon, Leo L. M.; Peiris, Malik

doi:10.3201/eid2107.150178

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…MERS-CoV antibodies have neither been found in Mongolian or Dutch bactrian camels, nor in South American camelids such as lamas, alpacas and guanacos. 29,77 The second line of evidence is the reported detection of MERS-CoV by RT-PCR in oro-nasal and faecal samples from dromedary camels in multiple locations in the Arabian Peninsula ( Figure 1 and Table 2). 32,70,73,74,[78][79][80][81] The four of 110 dromedary camels in which MERS-CoV RNA was detected in Egypt were all imported from Sudan or Ethiopia for slaughter.…”

Section: Dromedary Camels As Reservoirs For Mers-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction

Omrani

Al‐Tawfiq

Memish

2015

Pathogens and Global Health

144

126

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The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel enzootic betacoronavirus that was first described in September 2012. The clinical spectrum of MERS-CoV infection in humans ranges from an asymptomatic or mild respiratory illness to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure; overall mortality is around 35.7%. Bats harbour several betacoronaviruses that are closely related to MERS-CoV but more research is needed to establish the relationship between bats and MERS-CoV. The seroprevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies is very high in dromedary camels in Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoV RNA and viable virus have been isolated from dromedary camels, including some with respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, near-identical strains of MERS-CoV have been isolated from epidemiologically linked humans and camels, confirming intertransmission, most probably from camels to humans. Though inter-human spread within health care settings is responsible for the majority of reported MERS-CoV cases, the virus is incapable at present of causing sustained human-to-human transmission. Clusters can be readily controlled with implementation of appropriate infection control procedures. Phylogenetic and sequencing data strongly suggest that MERS-CoV originated from bat ancestors after undergoing a recombination event in the spike protein, possibly in dromedary camels in Africa, before its exportation to the Arabian Peninsula along the camel trading routes. MERS-CoV serosurveys are needed to investigate possible unrecognized human infections in Africa. Amongst the important measures to control MERS-CoV spread are strict regulation of camel movement, regular herd screening and isolation of infected camels, use of personal protective equipment by camel handlers and enforcing rules banning all consumption of unpasteurized camel milk and urine.

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Section: Dromedary Camels As Reservoirs For Mers-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction

Omrani

Al‐Tawfiq

Memish

2015

Pathogens and Global Health

144

126

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“…[48][49][50][51][52][53][54] In addition, viral MERS-CoV was detected in samples from dromedary camels in multiple locations in the Arabian Peninsula using RT-PCR. 52,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] The main infection control measures in healthcare settings include: contact isolation, droplet isolation, and airborne infection isolation precautions especially when during aerosol generating procedures. 62 The centers for disease control and preventions (CDC) recommends placing patients with suspected or confirmed MERS-CoV infection in an airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIR).…”

Section: Preventive and Control Of Mers-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus respiratory infection: an emerging infection from the arabian peninsula

Al‐Tawfiq

Memish

2016

The Microbiology of Respiratory System Infections

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“…They are distributed over Western, Central and South Asia, including an area that overlaps with the distribution of dromedary camels ( Figure 1A) [17,18]. A 2014 survey of 30 Bactrian camels from 12 herds in southern Mongolia failed to detect circulation of MERS-CoV either by qRT-PCR on nasal swabs or serology, indicating either that the virus was not circulating in these herds or that these animals are not susceptible to infection [19]. Similarly, a 2015 survey of 190 Bactrian camels from 10 herds in the West Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China failed to detect circulation of MERS-CoV by qRT-PCR or serology [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bactrian camels shed large quantities of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) after experimental infection

Adney

Letko

Ragan

et al. 2019

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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In 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged. To date, more than 2300 cases have been reported, with an approximate case fatality rate of 35%. Epidemiological investigations identified dromedary camels as the source of MERS-CoV zoonotic transmission and evidence of MERS-CoV circulation has been observed throughout the original range of distribution. Other new-world camelids, alpacas and llamas, are also susceptible to MERS-CoV infection. Currently, it is unknown whether Bactrian camels are susceptible to infection. The distribution of Bactrian camels overlaps partly with that of the dromedary camel in west and central Asia. The receptor for MERS-CoV, DPP4, of the Bactrian camel was 98.3% identical to the dromedary camel DPP4, and 100% identical for the 14 residues which interact with the MERS-CoV spike receptor. Upon intranasal inoculation with 107 plaque-forming units of MERS-CoV, animals developed a transient, primarily upper respiratory tract infection. Clinical signs of the MERS-CoV infection were benign, but shedding of large quantities of MERS-CoV from the URT was observed. These data are similar to infections reported with dromedary camel infections and indicate that Bactrians are susceptible to MERS-CoV and given their overlapping range are at risk of introduction and establishment of MERS-CoV within the Bactrian camel populations.

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Absence of MERS-Coronavirus in Bactrian Camels, Southern Mongolia, November 2014

Cited by 48 publications

References 8 publications

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction

The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus respiratory infection: an emerging infection from the arabian peninsula

Bactrian camels shed large quantities of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) after experimental infection

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