Absence of perceptual processing during reconfiguration of task set.

Oriet, Chris; Jolcoeur, Pierre

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.29.5.1036

Cited by 34 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…On the other hand, the impact of changes in stimulus contrast on RT are predicted to decrease at short inter-stimulus-intervals (Van Selst et al 1999;Oram et al 2002;Oriet & Jolicoeur 2003). The mean reaction times in the experimental study ( Figure 6) were in agreement with the predicted pattern of results.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Integrating neuronal coding into cognitive models: Predicting reaction time distributions

Oram

2005

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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Neurophysiological studies have examined many aspects of neuronal activity in terms of neuronal codes and postulated roles for these codes in brain processing. There has been relatively little work, however, examining the relationship between different neuronal codes and the behavioural phenomena associated with cognitive processes. Here, predictions about reaction time distributions derived from an accumulator model incorporating known neurophysiological data in temporal lobe visual areas of the macaque are examined. Results from human experimental studies examining the effects of changing stimulus orientation, size and contrast are consistent with the model, including qualitatively different changes in reaction time distributions with different stimulus manipulations. The different changes in reaction time distributions depend on whether the image manipulation changes neuronal response latency or magnitude and can be related to parallel or serial cognitive processes respectively. The results indicate that neuronal coding can be productively incorporated into computational models to provide mechanistic accounts of behavioural results related to cognitive phenomena.

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Integrating neuronal coding into cognitive models: Predicting reaction time distributions

Oram

2005

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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“…Interestingly, the underadditivity of the interaction disappears when stimulus degradation is used in a task-switching paradigm. Oriet and Jolicoeur (2003), using an alternating runs paradigm in which participants judged digits for parity and magnitude as in our experiments, observed that the effect of stimulus degradation did not differ as a function of whether participants switched or repeated tasks. From the additive effects of task switching and degradation, the authors concluded that task switching may impose a hard bottleneck even for early stimulus processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now, it is important to note that in our continuous span procedure, participants must not only switch back and forth between parity and magnitude judgments but also from maintenance activities to digit processing at stimulus onset. What is demonstrated by Oriet and Jolicoeur (2003) is that early processing of digits waits until task set reconfiguration or whatever operation responsible for the task switch cost is completed. Thus, it can be assumed that stimulus degradation within our paradigm induced a prolonged occupation of attention that resulted in the predicted impairment of maintenance and recall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory costs of task switching.

Liefooghe¹,

Barrouillet²,

Vandierendonck³

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

119

144

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Although many accounts of task switching emphasize the importance of working memory as a substantial source of the switch cost, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating that task switching actually places additional demands on working memory. The present study addressed this issue by implementing task switching in continuous complex span tasks with strictly controlled time parameters. A series of 4 experiments demonstrate that recall performance decreased as a function of the number of task switches and that the concurrent load of item maintenance had no influence on task switching. These results indicate that task switching induces a cost on working memory functioning. Implications for theories of task switching, working memory, and resource sharing are addressed.

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“…More specifically, experimental paradigms measured switching at the judgment level (as in the vast majority of task-switch studies; e.g., Altmann, 2004;Arrington & Logan, 2004;Dreisbach, Haider, & Kluwe, 2002;M. Hübner, Kluwe, Luna-Rodriguez, & Peters, 2004;Koch, 2001;Lien, Schweickert, & Proctor, 2003;Logan & Bundesen, 2003;Logan, Schneider, & Bundesen, 2007;Mayr & Kliegl, 2000;Meiran, 1996;Nieuwenhuis & Monsell, 2002;Oriet & Jolcoeur, 2003;Rogers & Monsell, 1995;Schneider & Logan, 2006;Waszak, Hommel, & Allport, 2003), at the stimulus dimension level (e.g., R. Hübner et al, 2001;Mayr & Keele, 2000), at the level of the responses (in terms of response sets; e.g., Philipp & Koch, 2005), and at the level of (pure) stimulus-response mappings (e.g., Rushworth et al, 2002Rushworth et al, , 2005Shaffer, 1965).…”

Section: Types Of Tasks and A First Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting between mental sets: An individual differences approach to commonalities and differences of task switching components.

Bastian¹,

Druey²

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Switching between mental sets has been extensively investigated in both experimental and individual differences research using a wide range of task-switch paradigms. However, it is yet unclear whether these different tasks measure a unitary shifting ability or reflect different facets thereof. In this study, 20 task pairs were administered to 119 young adults to assess 5 proposed components of mental set shifting: switching between judgments, stimulus dimensions, stimulus-response mappings, response sets, and stimulus sets. Modeling latent factors for each of the components revealed that a model with 5 separate yet mostly correlated factors fit the data best. In this model, the components most strongly related to the other latent factors were stimulus-response mapping shifting and, to a lesser degree, response set shifting. In addition, both factors were statistically indistinguishable from a second-order general shifting factor. In contrast, shifting between judgments as well as stimulus dimensions consistently required separate factors and could, hence, not fully be accounted for by the general shifting factor. Finally, shifting between stimulus sets was unrelated to any other shifting component but mapping shifting. We conclude that tasks assessing shifting between mappings are most adequate to assess general shifting ability. In contrast, shifting between stimulus sets (e.g., as in the Trail Making Test) probably reflects shifts in visual attention rather than executive shifting ability.Keywords: task switching, individual differences, executive functions, unity and diversity Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000333.supp It is common experience that we rarely focus on only one activity at the time uninterruptedly. Rather, most of our daily life involves several things going on in quick succession or even concurrently. For example, while driving a car, we may simultaneously listen to music, quickly shift our attention from the street to the navigation system, and back on the road in an attempt to orient in an unfamiliar city. The mental processes behind such task switching and multitasking are obviously complex and have been one of the main topics in cognitive research of the last decades. Terms as, for instance, executive functions, cognitive control, or mental flexibility have been used to refer to the set of "shifting abilities" required in such situations, and many different paradigms have been developed to experimentally investigate these skills (e.g., Logan, 1985;Pashler, 2000).Set shifting abilities have also been of central interest in individual differences studies and studies on so-called frontal-lobe functions (e.g., Alvarez & Emory, 2006;Miyake et al., 2000). In these contexts, tasks have frequently been used that already have a long tradition in the assessment of frontal-executive functioning such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and its derivatives, or the Trail Making Test (TMT).In the present study, we try to bridge the two fields by using an individual differences...

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Absence of perceptual processing during reconfiguration of task set.

Cited by 34 publications

References 47 publications

Integrating neuronal coding into cognitive models: Predicting reaction time distributions

Integrating neuronal coding into cognitive models: Predicting reaction time distributions

Working memory costs of task switching.

Shifting between mental sets: An individual differences approach to commonalities and differences of task switching components.

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