Absence of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Infants of Heroin-Addicted Mothers

Glass, Leonard; Rajegowda, Benamanahalli; Evans, H. E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)92250-1

Cited by 96 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In support of a causal relation ship between high prolactin levels and ab sence of RDS [21, 24. 47] is the observation that premature infants exposed to narcotic agents in utero have a low incidence of RDS [19], It is known that narcotics (heroin, mor phine) enhance prolactin secretion in adults [52]; a similar significant increase in cord prolactin levels in infants of heroin-addicted mothers, compared to a matched (gestational age and body weight) control group, has re cently been reported [40]. An association be tween amniotic fluid prolactin levels and fe tal lung maturity in the rhesus monkey has recently been reported by Johnson et al [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have shown that matura tion of the fetal lung and production of sur factant are under multiple hormonal control. Thus [6,50], fibroblast pneumonocyte factor [46], pharmacologic agents such as heroin [19,51], P-mimetic agents such as isoxuprine [56], and phos phodiesterase inhibitors such as aminophylline [5] have been shown to accelerate lung maturation. Indeed, clinical studies have shown that antepartum administration of glucocorti coids (given 24-48 h before birth) [2,31] or of thyroxine [33] can decrease the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Newborn: Relationship to Serum Prolactin, Thyroxine, and Sex

et al. 1983

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Prolactin and thyroxine levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in cord blood of 61 premature infants of 26–36 weeks gestation. 30 of the infants subsequently developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The infants who developed RDS had a mean cord prolactin level of 174.5 ± 24.5 ng/ml and a mean cord thyroxine level of 5.9 ± 0.4 μg/dl. In the 31 healthy infants, the mean cord prolactin and thyroxine levels were significantly higher (226.3 ± 25.8 ng/ml and 7.1 ± 0.4 μg/dl, respectively). The correlation coefficient between prolactin and thyroxine was r = 0.56 in infants with RDS (p < 0.0008). Both prolactin and thyroxine correlated with gestational age in the RDS group (r = 0.71 and 0.47, respectively). Discriminant analysis shows that the correlation between prolactin and thyroxine is independent of gestational age (r² = 0.32, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the levels of prolactin and thyroxine in infants without RDS. In the healthy group, the cord prolactin levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in female (335.8 ± 47.7 ng/ml) than in male infants (209 ± 17.2 ng/ml). Premature infants who develop RDS have significantly lower thyroxine and prolactin levels in cord blood than infants who remain healthy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Newborn: Relationship to Serum Prolactin, Thyroxine, and Sex

et al. 1983

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“…119 It is known that children of mothers who are heroin abusers have lower incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and heroin stimulates prolactin secretion. 120 Studies conducted on experimental animals have shown that estrogen also stimulates the synthesis of surfactant in the fetal lungs too. 121,122 Insulin and androgens play a role in inhibition of surfactant secretion.…”

Section: Fetal and Maternal Physiology And Ultrasound Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal and Maternal Physiology and Ultrasound Diagnosis

Kadić¹,

Predojević²,

Kurjak³

et al. 2013

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Fetal developmental potential is determined at the moment of conception by genetic inheritance. However, this development is modulated by environmental factors. It is important to recognize that both, the mother and the fetus, actively participate in the maintenance of the physiological intrauterine environment. Unfortunately, the fetus is not entirely protected from harmful influences of the external factors. By altering the intrauterine environment, these factors can have a long-term effect on fetal health.

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“…How-and both events are reduced in animals administered a-difluoever, it is clinically well recognized that lung function in these rometh~lornithine (a specific inhibitor of ODC activity), thus low-birth-weight babies is similar to that found in full-term confirming a critical role for this enzyme in pulmonary develnewborn infants, as evidenced by a high lecithin/sphingomyelin opment (29). ratio and, consequently, by a low incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (4,5). Precocious fetal lung development is also found MATERIALS AND METHODS in animals treated with opioids during pregnancy (6, 7), whereas administration of naloxone (a potent opioid antagonist) has an Animals and drug treatments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of Central Administration of β-Endorphin on Lung Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in Developing Rats

1991

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ABSTRACT. Results from a number of studies suggest a indicates that endogenous opioid systems (i.e. opioids and opioid role for endogenous opioids in the regulation of lung devel-receptors) tonically modulate fetal lung maturation. opment and function. Although it is not known which opioid Accumulated knowledge suggests that BE may influence pulpeptides are involved in these processes, accumulated evi-monary development. Pituitary and hypothalamic levels of BE dence suggests a prominent role for /3-endorphin (BE). Our are elevated in fetal and neonatal rats after maternal morphine study examines the effect of BE on lung ornithine decar-treatment (8). Plasma BE levels in normal newborn babies are boxylase (ODC) activity in preweanling rats. ODC cata-three to four times higher than the concentrations found in their lyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of the poly-mothers, and decline to adult levels by the 5th day of life (9, 10). amines spermidine and spermine, key regulators of cell In infants of heroin-addicted mothers, plasma BE levels show growth, multiplication, and differentiation. Central (but not even larger increases after birth (up to 1000 times adult levels) peripheral) administration of BE reduced lung ODC activ-and remain elevated at 40 d of age (9). These and other obserity by as much as 80% in the 6-d-old rat. Significant vations support the hypothesis that BE may have a prominent decreases in ODC activity were seen at doses of BE as low role in the modulation of lung maturation (1 1-14). as 0.5 pgjg brain wt. In contrast to the reductions in ODC Studies of the consequences of opioid exposure on lung funcactivity, plasma levels of corticosterone in animals admin-tion have predominantly addressed prenatal effects, primarily istered BE were approximately five times higher than those due to their relevance to respiratory distress syndrome. However, seen in control animals. BE'S actions on ODC activity and it is equally important to investigate opioid actions on the plasma corticosterone levels were prevented by naloxone postnatal lung. Both the newborn human and rat lungs are or naltrexone, indicating that both responses are mediated extremely immature and undergo vast morphologic restructuring by opioid receptors. Studies of ODC kinetics showed a after birth; the majority of alveoli are formed postnatally, increasprofound reduction in V,,, (70% below control values), but ing from approximately 20 million at birth to 300 million in the no change in Km. The effect was observed only during the mature lung (15-18). The neonatal lung is highly responsive to first 2 wk of postnatal age, a period of time in lung trophic hormones (19-21). Finally, as the early postnatal lung maturation that is characterized by active alveolarization. development (saccular stage) is fundamentally a continuation of Because changes in ODC levels during early postnatal life the late fetal maturation, the findings obtained during the first are associated with perturbations in tissue growth and/or days of age essentially ...

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Absence of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Infants of Heroin-Addicted Mothers

Cited by 96 publications

References 6 publications

Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Newborn: Relationship to Serum Prolactin, Thyroxine, and Sex

Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Newborn: Relationship to Serum Prolactin, Thyroxine, and Sex

Fetal and Maternal Physiology and Ultrasound Diagnosis

Effect of Central Administration of β-Endorphin on Lung Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in Developing Rats

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