Absence of subchronic oral toxicity and genotoxicity of rice koji with Aspergillus terreus

Yun, Jun Won; Kim, Seung Hyun; Kim, Yun Soon; You, Ji Ran; Cho, Eun Young; Yoon, Jung Hee; Kwon, Euna; Lee, Sang Ju; Kim, Seong Pil; Seo, Jae Hoon; In, Jae Pyung; Ahn, Junmo; Jang, Ja June; Park, Jin-Sung; Hwan, Jeong; Kang, Byeong Cheol

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.08.004

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Toxicity test methods were developed incrementally using laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, and rabbits) and cultured cells in vitro [9]. In addition, genotoxicity evaluation is an excellent test to describe a risk assessment of chemical substances for human health and is necessary to identify their clastogenic and mutagenic potentials [10]. Genotoxicity tests describe chemical or medicinal agents according to their potential to damage genetic information within a cell by causing mutations, which may lead to cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genotoxicity tests describe chemical or medicinal agents according to their potential to damage genetic information within a cell by causing mutations, which may lead to cancer. The purpose of this study is to confirm the safety of herbal products [10–12]. Although the phytochemicals in OFIS have been extensively studied in Korea [2, 3] and the extract has a long history of use, its natural origin and widespread use do not ensure its safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An oral toxicity test in rats and a genotoxicity study of extracts from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten

Han

Lim²,

Lee

et al. 2019

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundOpuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OFIS) is used widely in Korea to treat constipation due to its diuretic effects and its enhancement of bowel function and appetite. However, its safety has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeated oral toxicity and genotoxicity of OFIS extract (OE).MethodsWhite female and male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 6) were divided into 4 groups, and OE was administered to them orally (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day, respectively) for one week. The Ames test, the chromosomal aberration assay, and the mammalian micronucleus test were performed to determine the OE genotoxicity. The Ames test was conducted using Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) strains TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA153 and Escherichia coli (E. coli) WP2 urvA, and Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells were used for the chromosomal aberration assay. The mammalian micronucleus test was performed using mouse bone marrow cells.ResultsThis study revealed that OE administration did not alter the normal rat behavior, body weight gain, and food and water consumption with respect to the normal controls. In addition, there were no toxic effects observed during the ophthalmological test. The biochemical hematological and serum values as well as urinalysis parameters and organ weights were all similar to those of the normal control group. In addition, no mutagenicity effects from the OE were found in S. typhimurium or E. coli with or without S9 activation according to the Ames test. The OE did not significantly alter the number of structural aberrations in the CHL cells in the presence or absence of S9 activation. The oral administration of OE also caused no significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes or in the mean ratio of polychromatic to total erythrocytes.ConclusionsIn conclusion, OE could be considered as a reliable and safe herbal medicine or functional food since no toxicity was found under the conditions of this study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oral toxicity test in rats and a genotoxicity study of extracts from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten

Han

Lim²,

Lee

et al. 2019

BMC Complement Altern Med

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Yellow Yeast Rice Prepared Using Aspergillus terreus DSMK01 Lowers Cholesterol Levels by Stimulating Bile Salt Export Pump in Subjects with Mild‐to‐Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kang

Lee

Hee-Yeon

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope: Aspergillus terreus is an industrial microorganism used in the brewing and sauce industries. It produces monacolin K, a natural statin. The study conducted an 8-week randomized controlled trial with hypercholesterolemic subjects to examine the hypocholesterolemic effects and mechanisms of supplementation with yellow yeast rice (YYR) prepared by growing Aspergillus fungi on steamed rice. Methods and Results: YYR supplementation markedly reduced total cholesterol, LDL, and apolipoprotein B100 levels in plasma compared with the placebo. In addition, YYR induced a significantly increased ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11) gene expression compared with the placebo, indicating the role of YYR in lowering intrahepatic cholesterol availability by stimulating the bile salt export pump. Upregulation of LDL receptor (LDLR) and 3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) gene expressions provided additional evidence to support the role of YYR in reducing hepatic cholesterol availability. Plasma metabolomic profiling revealed the possibility of diminishing bile acid absorption. Finally, Spearman rank analysis showed correlations of plasma cholesterol profiles with HMGCR and LDLR gene expressions (negative) and plasma bile acids (positive). Plasma bile acids also correlated with ABCB11 (negative) and LDLR (positive) gene expressions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that daily YYR supplementation exerted hypocholesterolemic effects in mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemic subjects by reducing intrahepatic cholesterol availability through stimulating bile salt export pumps and inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis.

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Nutritional Strategies for Chronic Craniofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Clinical and Preclinical Insights

Piriyaprasath,

Kakihara,

Hasegawa

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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This narrative review provides an overview of current knowledge on the impact of nutritional strategies on chronic craniofacial pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Individuals experiencing painful TMDs alter their dietary habits, avoiding certain foods, possibly due to chewing difficulties, which might lead to nutrient deficiencies. Our literature investigation revealed that the causal links between nutritional changes and craniofacial pain remain unclear. However, clinical and preclinical studies suggest that nutraceuticals, including vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, isoprenoids, carotenoids, lectins, polysaccharides, glucosamines, and palmitoylethanolamides, could have beneficial effects on managing TMDs. This is described in 12 clinical and 38 preclinical articles since 2000. Clinical articles discussed the roles of vitamins, minerals, glucosamine, and palmitoylethanolamides. The other nutraceuticals were assessed solely in preclinical studies, using TMD models, mostly craniofacial inflammatory rodents, with 36 of the 38 articles published since 2013. Our investigation indicates that current evidence is insufficient to assess the efficacy of these nutraceuticals. However, the existing data suggest potential for therapeutic intervention in TMDs. Further support from longitudinal and randomized controlled studies and well-designed preclinical investigations is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of each nutraceutical intervention and understand their underlying mechanisms in TMDs.

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Absence of subchronic oral toxicity and genotoxicity of rice koji with Aspergillus terreus

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

An oral toxicity test in rats and a genotoxicity study of extracts from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten

An oral toxicity test in rats and a genotoxicity study of extracts from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten

Yellow Yeast Rice Prepared Using Aspergillus terreus DSMK01 Lowers Cholesterol Levels by Stimulating Bile Salt Export Pump in Subjects with Mild‐to‐Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutritional Strategies for Chronic Craniofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Clinical and Preclinical Insights

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