“…For example, fewer people are getting married (Perelli-Harris & Amos, 2015), many couples cohabit (Perelli-Harris & Styrc, 2018), divorce rates are on the increase (Letamo et al, 2015), and many men and women are choosing to stay single (Lundberg et al, 2016). Yet, it is widely recognised that the involvement of fathers in raising children is beneficial to their well-being and development (Lamb, 2004(Lamb, , 2010Okeke, 2018;Ramotuana & Amone-P'Olak, 2020;Salami & Okeke, 2018). The absence of fathers in the family may influence child outcomes, such as education, social relationships, and behavioural and the emotional well-being of offspring (Mbulayi & Kang'ethe, 2020;Okeke, 2018;Ramotuana & Amone-P'Olak, 2020;Salami & Okeke, 2018;Waldfogel et al, 2010).…”