Absolute changes in regional cerebral blood flow on upright postures in humans

Ouchi, Yasuomi; Okada, Hiroyuki; Nobezawa, Shuji; Yoshikawa, Etsuji; Futatsubashi, Masami; Kanno, Tatsuo; Torizuka, Tatsuo

doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91700-2

Cited by 34 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, binding potential analysis was unable to identify DAT binding in PIV. Yet, we found statistically significant normalized [ 11 C]altropane accumulation differences within vermis and cerebellum (when referenced to the DAT-devoid PSV) that cannot be attributed to blood flow differences (Ouchi et al, 2001;Ito et al, 2003), suggesting the presence of DAT binding in PIV. Third, we were unable to detect specific [ 3 H]CFT binding in vermis lobule VIII suggesting some discrepancy between [ 3 H]CFT and both DAT-IR and [ 11 C]altropane labeling.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…PET time-activity curves indicated that PIV [ 11 C]altropane washout was more rapid than in putamen or substantia nigra, suggesting different ligand kinetics in PIV vs putamen and substantia nigra. It is unlikely that the excess PIV [ 11 C]altropane accumulation is solely the result of blood flow differences since PET blood flow data from healthy adults indicate mismatches between cerebellar blood flow patterns, which are higher in cerebellar hemispheres than vermis and homogenous within vermis (Ouchi et al, 2001;Ito et al, 2003) and [ 11 C]altropane accumulation, which was lowest in cerebellar hemispheres and was heterogeneous within vermis. Although it is possible that excess [ 11 C]altropane accumulation in PIV represented labeling of other sites (see below), a parsimonious conclusion is that DAT may be present in the DAT-IR-enriched PIV and that this region may be a proximate site of action of cocaine, methylphenidate, and other drugs that interact with the dopamine transporter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebellar Vermis Involvement in Cocaine-Related Behaviors

Anderson

Maas

Frederick

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Although the cerebellum is increasingly being viewed as a brain area involved in cognition, it typically is excluded from circuitry considered to mediate stimulant-associated behaviors since it is low in dopamine. Yet, the primate cerebellar vermis (lobules II-III and VIII-IX) has been reported to contain axonal dopamine transporter immunoreactivity (DAT-IR). We hypothesized that DAT-IR-containing vermis areas would be activated in cocaine abusers by cocaine-related cues and, in healthy humans, would accumulate DAT-selective ligands. We used BOLD fMRI to determine whether cocaine-related cues activated DAT-IR-enriched vermis regions in cocaine abusers and positron emission tomography imaging of healthy humans to determine whether the DAT-selective ligand [ 11 C]altropane accumulated in those vermis regions. Cocaine-related cues selectively induced BOLD activation in lobules II-III and VIII-IX in cocaine users, and, at early time points after ligand administration, we found appreciable [ 11 C]altropane accumulation in lobules VIII-IX, possibly indicating DAT presence in this region. These data suggest that parts of cerebellar vermis mediate cocaine's persisting and acute effects. In light of prior findings illustrating vermis connections to midbrain dopamine cell body regions, established roles for the vermis as a locus of sensorimotor integration and motor planning, and findings of increased vermis activation in substance abusers during reward-related and other cognitive tasks, we propose that the vermis be considered one of the structures involved in cocaine-and other incentive-related behaviors.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar Vermis Involvement in Cocaine-Related Behaviors

Anderson

Maas

Frederick

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…All participants underwent threedimensional MRI just before PET measurement. Here, a static magnet (0.3 T MRP7000AD; Hitachi) was used in three-dimensional mode (Ouchi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Brain Amyloid Deposition and Reduced Glucose Metabolism on the Default Mode of Brain Function in Normal Aging

Kikuchi¹,

Hirosawa²,

Yokokura³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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Brain ␤-amyloid (A␤) deposition during normal aging is highlighted as an initial pathogenetic event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Many recent brain imaging studies have focused on areas deactivated during cognitive tasks [the default mode network (DMN), i.e., medial frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex], where the strength of functional coordination was more or less affected by cerebral A␤ deposits. In the present positron emission tomography study, to investigate whether regional glucose metabolic alterations and A␤ deposits seen in nondemented elderly human subjects (n ϭ 22) are of pathophysiological importance in changes of brain hemodynamic coordination in DMN during normal aging, we measured cerebral glucose metabolism with [18 F]FDG, A␤ deposits with [ 11 C]PIB, and regional cerebral blood flow during control and working memory tasks by H 2 15 O on the same day. Data were analyzed using both region of interest and statistical parametric mapping. Our results indicated that the amount of A␤ deposits was negatively correlated with hemodynamic similarity between medial frontal and medial posterior regions, and the lower similarity was associated with poorer working memory performance. In contrast, brain glucose metabolism was not related to this medial hemodynamic similarity. These findings suggest that traceable A␤ deposition, but not glucose hypometabolism, in the brain plays an important role in occurrence of neuronal discoordination in DMN along with poor working memory in healthy elderly people.

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“…Sparse findings show that orthostatic variations (e.g., sitting upright, lying supine, standing erect) modulate specific cognitive processes and sensory thresholds; for example, body-position alters visual perception (Goodenough et al, 1981), problem solving (Lipnicki & Byrne, 2005), anticipatory anxiety (Lipnicki & Byrne, 2008), pain sensitivity (Spironelli & Angrilli, 2011), and odor discrimination (Lundström et al, 2008). Comparing postures using a stance-adjustable positron emission tomography (PET) gantry, moreover, studies reported signal differences across postures in a wide range of cortical and subcortical regions (Ouchi et al, 2001;Ouchi et al, 1999). These collective findings propose posture as a modulator of neural activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posture alters human resting-state

Thibault

Lifshitz

Jones

et al. 2014

Cortex

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Neuroimaging is ubiquitous; however, neuroimagers seldom investigate the putative impact of posture on brain activity. Whereas participants in most psychological experiments sit upright, many prominent neuroimaging techniques (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) require participants to lie supine. Such postural discrepancies may hold important implications for brain function in general and for fMRI in particular. We directly investigated the effect of posture on spontaneous brain dynamics by recording scalp electrical activity in four orthostatic conditions (lying supine, inclined at 45°, sitting upright, and standing erect). Here we show that upright versus supine posture increases widespread high-frequency oscillatory activity.Our electroencephalographic findings highlight the importance of posture as a determinant in neuroimaging. When generalizing supine imaging results to ecological human cognition, therefore, cognitive neuroscientists would benefit from considering the influence of posture on brain dynamics.

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Absolute changes in regional cerebral blood flow on upright postures in humans

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Cerebellar Vermis Involvement in Cocaine-Related Behaviors

Cerebellar Vermis Involvement in Cocaine-Related Behaviors

Effects of Brain Amyloid Deposition and Reduced Glucose Metabolism on the Default Mode of Brain Function in Normal Aging

Posture alters human resting-state

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