A CrAPO-5 molecular sieve has been investigated with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS-XANES) as dehydrated material and after loading with water and ammonia to unravel the coordination geometries of Cr 3+ in the framework of a microporous crystalline aluminophosphate, more particularly of the AFI-type. A comparison of the XANES data, a preedge analysis with crystal field multiplet calculations and EXAFS data, pointed toward the presence of framework Cr 3+ which, on dehydration, takes on a distorted tetrahedral coordination state. Due to the 3d 3 configuration of Cr 3+ , this unusual tetrahedral coordination environment strongly tends to transform into the more stable 6-fold coordination geometry by binding two extraframework water molecules during hydration. In the presence of ammonia, tetrahedral Cr 3+ readily transforms into a 5-fold coordination geometry by binding one ammonia molecule. Therefore, depending on the environmental conditions, the Cr 3+ ions can occur in a 4-, 5-, or 6-fold coordination. This observation underlines the flexibility of transition metal ions, such as Cr 3+ , to cope with unusual coordination geometries in inorganic hosts, making them interesting as potential active sites in heterogeneous catalysis.