Absolute frequency measurement of the2S1/2–2F7/2electric octupole transition in a single ion of171Yb+with 10−15fractional uncertainty

King, Simon; Godun, R. M.; Webster, S. A.; Margolis, H. S.; Johnson, L. A. M.; Szymaniec, K.; Baird, P E G; Gill, P.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/1/013045

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Note added in proof.-Since the submission of this pa-per, the result of an independent measurement of the absolute frequency of the octupole transition has been published [26]. It is in good agreement with the value presented here.…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

High-Accuracy Optical Clock Based on the Octupole Transition inYb+171

Huntemann

Okhapkin²,

Lipphardt³

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. Lett.

241

215

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We experimentally investigate an optical frequency standard based on the 467 nm (642 THz) electric-octupole reference transition 2 S 1/2 (F = 0) → 2 F 7/2 (F = 3) in a single trapped 171 Yb + ion. The extraordinary features of this transition result from the long natural lifetime and from the 4f 13 6s 2 configuration of the upper state. The electric-quadrupole moment of the 2 F 7/2 state is measured as −0.041(5) ea 2 0 , where e is the elementary charge and a0 the Bohr radius. We also obtain information on the differential scalar and tensorial components of the static polarizability and of the probe-light-induced ac Stark shift of the octupole transition. With a real-time extrapolation scheme that eliminates this shift, the unperturbed transition frequency is realized with a fractional uncertainty of 7.1 × 10 −17 . The frequency is measured as 642 121 496 772 The basis of all precise atomic clocks is a transition frequency that represents an unperturbed quantum property of the chosen atomic system. The most impressive progress in clocks of high accuracy has recently been made with optical transitions between states with vanishing electronic angular momentum (J = 0) in Al + and Sr [1,2]. The frequency of this type of transition is in general only weakly affected by external electric and magnetic fields. Here we present a precision study of a reference transition of a very different type, an electric-octupole transition (∆J = 3) connecting the 2 S 1/2 ground state with the 2 F 7/2 first excited state in 171 Yb + , and show that it has a very low sensitivity to field-induced frequency shifts, making it a promising basis for an optical clock of the highest accuracy.At variance with other ion frequency standards, 171 Yb + offers the advantage of two optical reference transitions with high quality factor which have rather different physical characteristics. A frequency standard based on the electric-quadrupole 2 S 1/2 → 2 D 3/2 transition [3,4] is established as one of the secondary representations of the SI second. The electric-octupole 2 S 1/2 → 2 F 7/2 transition investigated in this Letter was first studied at the National Physical Laboratory (UK) [5]. The extraordinary features of this transition result from the long natural lifetime of the 2 F 7/2 state in the range of several years [5,6] and from its electronic configuration (4f 13 6s 2 ) consisting of a hole in the 4f shell surrounded by a spherically symmetric 6s shell. Since the octupole transition can be resolved with a linewidth that is virtually unaffected by spontaneous decay and determined only by the available laser stability, a quantum projection noise limited single-ion frequency standard with very low instability can be realized. The electric-quadrupole moment of the 2 F 7/2 state is predicted to be much smaller than that of the 2 D 3/2 state [7] so that the transition frequency is only weakly affected by the quadrupole shift from electric field gradients. Furthermore, there are no strong dipole transitions from the 2 F 7/2 state with excitation en...

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supporting

confidence: 80%

High-Accuracy Optical Clock Based on the Octupole Transition inYb+171

Huntemann

Okhapkin²,

Lipphardt³

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. Lett.

241

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The transitions at the wavelengths 435.5 nm and 467 nm with low systematic shifts are the most suitable ones for precision frequency standards owing to their extremely small natural line-widths 3.02 Hz and 1 nHz, respectively. Their precisely measured transition frequencies ν o have already been reported as 688 358 979 309 306.62(73) Hz [18] and 688 358 979 309 310(9) Hz [17] for the E2-transition and 642 121 496 772 645.36(39) Hz [9] and 642 121 496 772 646.22(67) Hz [20] for the E3-transition. These two transitions are endorsed by the international committee for weight and measures (CIPM) for secondary representation of standard international (SI) second owing to their least sensitive to the external electromagnetic fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

An optimized ion trap geometry to measure quadrupole shifts of ¹⁷¹ Yb ⁺ clocks

Batra

Sahoo

2016

Chinese Phys. B

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We propose a new ion-trap geometry to carry out accurate measurements of the quadrupole shifts in the 171 Yb-ion. This trap will produce nearly ideal harmonic potential where the quadrupole shifts due to the anharmonic components can be reduced by four orders of magnitude. This will be useful to reduce the uncertainties in the clock frequency measurements of the 6s 2 S 1/2 → 4f 13 6s 2 2 F 7/2 and 6s 2 S 1/2 → 5d 2 D 3/2 transitions, from which we can deduce precise values of the quadrupole moments (Θs) of the 4f 13 6s 2 2 F 7/2 and 5d 2 D 3/2 states. Moreover, it may be able to affirm validity of the measured Θ value of the 4f 13 6s 2 2 F 7/2 state where three independent theoretical studies defer almost by one order in magnitude from the measurement. We also perform calculations of Θs using the relativistic coupled-cluster (RCC) method. We use these Θ values to estimate quadrupole shift that can be measured in our proposed ion trap experiment.

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“…For example, the 4f 14 6s 2 S 1/2 − 4f 13 6s 2 2 F o 7/2 transition in Yb + offers opportunities for frequency measurements with fractional accuracy ∼ 10 −18 [1]. The work is in progress in many laboratories [19][20][21]. Measuring the ratio of frequency of this transition to the frequency of the 4f 14 6s 2 S 1/2 − 4f 14 5d 2 D 3/2 transition in the same ion put the strongest limit on the temporal variation of the fine structure constant and (by including the Cs hyperfine transition) on the proton-to-electron mass ratio [8,9,[22][23][24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperfine-induced electric dipole contributions to the electric octupole and magnetic quadrupole atomic clock transitions

Dzuba

Flambaum

2016

Phys. Rev. A

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Hyperfine-induced electric dipole contributions may significantly increase probabilities of otherwise very weak electric octupole and magnetic quadrupole atomic clock transitions (e.g. transitions between s and f electron orbitals). These transitions can be used for exceptionally accurate atomic clocks, quantum information processing and search for dark matter. They are very sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model, such as temporal variation of the fine structure constant, the Lorentz invariance and Einstein equivalence principle violation. We formulate conditions under which the hyperfine-induced electric dipole contribution dominates. Due to the hyperfine quenching the electric octupole clock transition in 173 Yb + is two orders of magnitude stronger than that in currently used 171 Electric octupole (E3) and magnetic quadrupole (M2) atomic optical transitions, which correspond to transitions between s and f electron orbitals, can be used as optical clocks of exceptionally high accuracy [1][2][3][4][5]. They also present unique opportunities for fundamental research by being sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model. The transitions are very sensitive to the temporal variation of the fine structure constant α (α = e 2 /hc) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], to the local Lorentz invariance (LLI) violation [11], the effect of dark matter [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], etc. For example, the 4f 14 6s 2 S 1/2 − 4f 13 6s 2 2 F o 7/2 transition in Yb + offers opportunities for frequency measurements with fractional accuracy ∼ 10 −18 [1]. The work is in progress in many laboratories [19][20][21]. Measuring the ratio of frequency of this transition to the frequency of the 4f 14 6s 2 S 1/2 − 4f 14 5d 2 D 3/2 transition in the same ion put the strongest limit on the temporal variation of the fine structure constant and (by including the Cs hyperfine transition) on the proton-to-electron mass ratio [8,9,[22][23][24]. The use of the electric octupole transition in Yb + for the search of LLI violation may lead to five orders of magnitude improvement over current best bounds on the LLI violation in the electron-photon sector [11].Many similar opportunities come with the use of optical transitions in highly-charged ions (HCI) [2][3][4][5]10]. For example, the spectrum of the Ir 17+ ion has been recently measured [25] with the prospect of using the 4f 13 5s 3 F o 4 − 4f 12 5s 2 3 H 6 transition for the time keeping and fundamental research.Electrical octupole and magnetic quadrupole transitions are very weak, typical linewidth can be as small as few nHz. This may lead to certain difficulties in the measurements. In this paper we demonstrate that the electric dipole transition (E1) induced by hyperfine interaction can be significantly larger than the electric octupole or magnetic quadrupole transitions. Therefore, choosing right isotope might be important for the measurements.At least one or more of the following conditions is needed for the domination of the hyperfine-induced E1 transitions.• The hyperfine mixin...

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Absolute frequency measurement of the²S_1/2–²F_7/2electric octupole transition in a single ion of¹⁷¹Yb⁺with 10⁻¹⁵fractional uncertainty

Cited by 64 publications

References 41 publications

High-Accuracy Optical Clock Based on the Octupole Transition inYb+171

High-Accuracy Optical Clock Based on the Octupole Transition inYb+171

An optimized ion trap geometry to measure quadrupole shifts of ¹⁷¹ Yb ⁺ clocks

Hyperfine-induced electric dipole contributions to the electric octupole and magnetic quadrupole atomic clock transitions

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Absolute frequency measurement of the2S1/2–2F7/2electric octupole transition in a single ion of171Yb+with 10−15fractional uncertainty

Cited by 64 publications

References 41 publications

High-Accuracy Optical Clock Based on the Octupole Transition inYb+171

High-Accuracy Optical Clock Based on the Octupole Transition inYb+171

An optimized ion trap geometry to measure quadrupole shifts of 171 Yb + clocks

Hyperfine-induced electric dipole contributions to the electric octupole and magnetic quadrupole atomic clock transitions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Absolute frequency measurement of the²S_1/2–²F_7/2electric octupole transition in a single ion of¹⁷¹Yb⁺with 10⁻¹⁵fractional uncertainty

An optimized ion trap geometry to measure quadrupole shifts of ¹⁷¹ Yb ⁺ clocks