Absorption, distribution, and metabolism of [14C]chlorpyrifos applied dermally to goats

Cheng, Tian; Bodden, R. M.; Puhl, R J; Bauriedel, W. R.

doi:10.1021/jf00088a065

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The absorption rates of chlorpyrifos through skin into the human have been reported to be very low. Nolan et al (1984) examined the dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos in human volunteers and reported that only 1.35% of the applied dose (5.0 mg/kg) penetrated the skin during a period of 180 h. Cheng et al (1989) similarly reported minimal dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos in goats, in which a maximum of 0.3% of the applied dose was detected in the goat circulatory system after 12 h.…”

Section: Availability Of Chlorpyrifos Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence, Penetration, and Surface Availability of Chlorpyrifos, Its Oxon, and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol in Elm Bark

Jin

Webster

1997

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The persistence, penetration, and bark surface contact availability of chlorpyrifos and its main degradation products, the oxon and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, in elm bark were investigated after chlorpyrifos had been applied to the basal 1 m of elm tree trunks for control of overwintering elm bark beetles, the vector of Dutch elm disease, at different application times and sites. The initial residues of chlorpyrifos in elm bark were 388−444 μg/g. The initial chlorpyrifos residues dissipated quickly with half-lives of 1.1−2.9 days for the faster dissipation phase. The dissipation of chlorpyrifos during the later period became much slower, with the dissipation half-lives ranging from 205 to 228 days. No penetration of chlorpyrifos into the cambium layer and wood tissue was found during the experimental period of 791 days. In the contact test, the chlorpyrifos residues transferred from the treated bark during a 1-min contact were below the acceptable daily intake for humans immediately following drying of the treated bark and diminished over the period of the experiment. Keywords: Chlorpyrifos; metabolites; residues; elm bark; penetration; contact availability

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Section: Availability Of Chlorpyrifos Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence, Penetration, and Surface Availability of Chlorpyrifos, Its Oxon, and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol in Elm Bark

Jin

Webster

1997

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Indeed, TCP is classified as persistent and mobile by the US Environmental Protection Agency with a halflife ranging from 65 to 360 days in soil (Armbrust 2001). Low levels of TCP have been detected in the tissues of farm animals treated with chlorpyrifos, including cattle (McKellar et al 1976;Dishberger et al 1977;Ivey 1979), sheep, hogs (Ivey and Palmer 1979) and goats (Cheng et al 1989), as well as in fish (Marshall and Roberts 1978;Barron et al 1991). TCP was also found in the urine of human volunteers exposed to chlorpyrifos (Davis 1977;Nolan et al 1984), and can be used to biomonitor for exposure to chlorpyrifos (Nolan et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a novel gene encoding a 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol degrading enzyme from a cow rumen metagenomic library

et al. 2009

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3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) is a major metabolite of the insecticide chlorpyrifos and is hazardous to human and animal health. A gene encoding a TCP degrading enzyme was cloned from a metagenomic library prepared from cow rumen. The gene (tcp3A) is 2.5 kb in length, encoding a protein (Tcp3A) of 599 amino acid residues. Tcp3A has a potential signal sequence, as well as a putative ATP/GTP binding site, and a likely amidation site. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 62 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Comparison of Tcp3A with the NCBI database using BLASTP revealed homology to amidohydrolase proteins. Recombinant Escherichia coli harboring the tcp3A gene could utilize TCP as the sole source of carbon. TLC and HPLC revealed that TCP was degraded by recombinant E. coli harboring tcp3A. This is the first report of a gene encoding a TCP degrading enzyme.

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Environmental Fate of Chlorpyrifos

Racke¹

1993

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

354

397

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Absorption, distribution, and metabolism of [14C]chlorpyrifos applied dermally to goats

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Persistence, Penetration, and Surface Availability of Chlorpyrifos, Its Oxon, and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol in Elm Bark

Persistence, Penetration, and Surface Availability of Chlorpyrifos, Its Oxon, and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol in Elm Bark

Isolation of a novel gene encoding a 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol degrading enzyme from a cow rumen metagenomic library

Environmental Fate of Chlorpyrifos

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