Absorption of Fluoride from Fluoride Dentifrices

Ekstrand, Jan; Ehrnebo, M.

doi:10.1159/000260442

Cited by 78 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Similarly, an increase of 50% would be expected for group B, while an increase of only 23% was seen. This apparent discrepancy may be explained by a combination of factors: differences in absorption of NaF compared to MFP [Forsman and Ericsson, 1973;Ekstrand and Ehrnebo, 1980;Drummond and Curzon, 1985;Trautner and Einwag, 1989;Drummond et al, 1990]; reduced bioavailability if F is swallowed soon after eating [Trautner and Siebert, 1986;Trautner and Einwag, 1989]; overestimation of brushing frequency by mothers; loss of dentifrice from the mouth. Taken together, these possibilities seem to indicate that there is an overestimation of fl uoride intake from the dentifrice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fingernails and Urine as Biomarkers of Fluoride Exposure from Dentifrice and Varnish in 4- to 7-Year-Old Children

Pessan¹,

Pin²,

Martinhon³

et al. 2005

Caries Res

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The use of fingernails and urine as biomarkers of exposure to fluoride (F) from fluoridated dentifrice and varnish was evaluated in twenty 4- to 7-year-old children, who were divided into two groups: group A (9 caries-free children) and group B (11 children with past caries experience). They used a placebo dentifrice for 28 days, fluoridated dentifrice (1,570 ppm F) for the following 28 days, and placebo dentifrice for an additional 28 days, then returned to their usual dentifrices. Group B children also received 4-week applications of a varnish (2.26% F) while using the fluoridated dentifrice. Urinary collections were performed 24 h before the use of fluoridated dentifrice and 24 h (group A) or 48 h (group B) after. Fingernails were clipped every 2 weeks, for 26 weeks. Total F intake from diet and dentifrice was estimated. Fingernail F concentrations did not vary significantly throughout the study. Twenty-four-hour urinary F outputs (mean ± SD, µg) were: 414 ± 200 and 468 ± 253 for placebo and F dentifrices, respectively (group A) and 402 ±206, 691 ± 345, 492 ± 243 for placebo dentifrice, F dentifrice plus F varnish and F dentifrice, respectively (group B). The use of F dentifrice did not cause a significant increase in the urinary F output. However, when F varnish was used, a transitory increase in the urinary F output was detected (p = 0.001), returning to baseline levels in the last 24 h. Thus, F varnish is a safe method for topical F application even in children that use F dentifrice regularly. According to our protocol, urine was a suitable biomarker of exposure to F from dentifrice plus varnish, but not from dentifrice alone, while nails were not.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fingernails and Urine as Biomarkers of Fluoride Exposure from Dentifrice and Varnish in 4- to 7-Year-Old Children

Pessan¹,

Pin²,

Martinhon³

et al. 2005

Caries Res

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“…l, [12][13][14][15] The increased availability of fluorides in food has also been suggested. '3"112' Singer and his co-workers have indicated that the average daily fluoride intake for infants, two-year-olds, and young male adults is within the accepted range of 0.05 to 0.07 milligram per kilogram body weight and has not significantly changed over the past 30 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in dental fluorosis and dental caries prevalences in Newburgh and Kingston, NY.

Kumar¹,

Green²,

Wallace³

et al. 1989

Am J Public Health

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“…Concern with this increase has led to several studies on reasons to identify the risk factors for fluorosis [Mascarenhas, 2000]. There is no doubt that fluoridated dentifrices contribute to the daily intake of F. In addition, an increase in plasma and urine F levels after the use of fluoridated dentifrices has been shown [Ekstrand and Ehrnebo, 1980]. Fluoride dentifrices are thought to be the most widely used delivery method of F in the world [Rølla et al, 1991].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Fluoride Dentifrices with Reduced pH: Fluoride Concentration in Whole Saliva and Bioavailability

et al. 2007

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This double-blind study assessed the fluoride (F) concentration in whole saliva and F bioavailability after the use of low-F dentifrices with reduced pH. Whole saliva was collected from 10 volunteers after brushing with: experimental dentifrices (pH 5.5) 275, 550 and 1,100 ppm F; commercial 500 ppm F, pH 6.9 and a ‘gold standard’ 1,100 ppm F, pH 6.5. To analyze F bioavailability, 9 volunteers ingested weights of four dentifrices equivalent to 2 mg F: 1,500 ppm F/MFP/CaCO₃, pH 9.5; 1,100 ppm F/NaF/silica, pH 5.5; 1,100 ppm F/NaF/silica, pH 7.0 and 1,100 ppm F/NaF/silica, pH 6.5 (‘gold standard’). Ductal saliva and urine were collected. F was analyzed by electrode. Data were tested using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). The 550 ppm F/pH 5.5 dentifrice was similar to the ‘gold standard’ in its effect on whole saliva F concentration. The area under the curve of ductal saliva F concentration × time and urinary F excretion rates did not differ among the dentifrices. The results show that acidic low-F dentifrices are effective in increasing salivary F concentration and pH reduction does not seem to affect their F bioavailability.

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Absorption of Fluoride from Fluoride Dentifrices

Cited by 78 publications

References 9 publications

Analysis of Fingernails and Urine as Biomarkers of Fluoride Exposure from Dentifrice and Varnish in 4- to 7-Year-Old Children

Analysis of Fingernails and Urine as Biomarkers of Fluoride Exposure from Dentifrice and Varnish in 4- to 7-Year-Old Children

Trends in dental fluorosis and dental caries prevalences in Newburgh and Kingston, NY.

Low-Fluoride Dentifrices with Reduced pH: Fluoride Concentration in Whole Saliva and Bioavailability

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