Absorption of Minerals and Retention Time of Dry Matter in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers

Klis, J.D. van der; Verstegen, M.W.A.; Wit, W. De

doi:10.3382/ps.0692185

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Anterior to the duodenum, some separation between the solid and the liquid phase might occur. This phenomenon has been discussed earlier (Sklan et al, 1975;van der Klis et al, 1990). As Cr is a fine particulate material, it might be transported with the liquid phase at a higher rate than undissolved larger DM components.…”

Section: Rate Of Chromium Excretionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The duodenum and the jejunum are the sites of the small intestine in which the highest secretive and absorptive activity is found (van der Klis et al, 1990). Therefore, the period in which the birds were killed was chosen such that the retention time parameters of DM in these two segments could be estimated reliably.…”

Section: Rate Of Chromium Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the rearing period, from 0 to 3 wk of age, the room temperature decreased from 33 to 24 C. At 3 days of age, the light schedule was changed from continuous light into an alternating schedule of 1 h light and 3 h darkness. A commercial diet was fed; its composition was described by van der Klis et al (1990).…”

Section: Chickens Housing and Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether it gives any information about the average time available for digestion and absorption is doubtful. The few estimates of the mean retention time in successive GI segments (the time an average DM particle is retained in a specific segment) are based on a steady state situation in the GI tract between a marker and DM (Sklan et al, 1975;Shires et al, 1987;van der Klis et al, 1990). Using this method, the birds have to be killed to collect GI contents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (A Soluble Polysaccharide) on the Rate of Marker Excretion from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers

Klis¹,

Voorst²

1993

Poultry Science

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Five-week-old broilers were used to estimate the retention time parameters of DM in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. From 3 to 5 wk of age semisynthetic diets were fed with 0,1, and 2% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC, an indigestible soluble polysaccharide). These diets were obtained by exchanging cellulose by CMC. The cumulative excretion curves of a marker (Cr)containing meal were fitted to the data at fecal and intestinal level, using a generalized logistic curve. The transit time (time of first appearance at site of measurement) was estimated as well as some retention time parameters (time of 50% excretion of the Cr intake; time at and rate of maximal Cr excretion).Addition of CMC decreased the transit time from mouth to feces by 60 min (0% CMC versus 2% CMC, respectively). The first differences in transit time were observed in the posterior part of the jejunum. In contrast to transit time, 2% CMC increased the time of 50% Cr excretion by 2 h. Furthermore, CMC reduced the maximal rate of marker excretion, suggesting a more intensive mixing between the Cr-containing meal and the rest of the chyme.Because the transit time was not related to shape of the excretion curves, the former should be used cautiously as an indication of the mean retention time in the GI tract. However, determination of a cumulative excretion curve at fecal level might also be erroneous, because marker entrance into the ceca may depend on dietary composition. (

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Section: Rate Of Chromium Excretionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Rate Of Chromium Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chickens Housing and Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (A Soluble Polysaccharide) on the Rate of Marker Excretion from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers

Klis¹,

Voorst²

1993

Poultry Science

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“…Generally, chickens have a very rapid intestinal digesta transit. The mean retention ororectum time does not exceed 6.5 hours (Van der Klis et al, 1990). Relatively large caeca are perpendicular to the GI tract and solid particles of digesta, also nondigestible fructans, are evacuated by ileocaecal valve into caeca.…”

Section: Effect Of Dietary Fructans On Microbial Population In Chickementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fructans and Their Potential Beneficial Influence on Health and Performance Parametrs in Broiler Chickens

Bogusławska–Tryk¹,

Piotrowska²,

Burlikowska³

2012

j. cent. eur. agric.

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Fructans, which include inulin and fructooligosaccharides, are non-digestible carbohydrates that are fermented in the large intestine. This review focuses on the effect of these prebiotics on gut microflora, fermentation characteristics, gut morphology, enzymes activity, nutrients digestibility and absorption, lipids metabolism and performance parameters in broiler chickens. Inulin-type fructans can improve performance of birds and health by affecting microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract, gut morphology and nutrient digestion. It is documented that dietary fructans influence the intestinal gut microflora of broiler chickens by increasing the population of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Eubacterium spp. while decreasing the concentration of Clostridium spp. and Escherichia coli in the large intestine and caeca. The supplementation of poultry diets with inulin or oligofructose can lead to an increase of the length of small and large intestines in broilers, elongation of the villus in the chickens jejunal mucosa and increase in the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. The beneficial effect of inulin-type fructans on performance parameters in broilers may be partially explained by the elevated intestinal enzymatic activity under the influence of the fructooligosaccharides and increase of digestibility and absorption of nutrients, mainly protein and fat. The prebiotic effectiveness of inulin-type fructans in broilers depends on a number of factors, like the type of supplement (inulin vs. oligofructose), inclusion level, composition of the basal diet, animal characteristics (age, sex, stage of production) and hygienic conditions (i.e. stress factors).

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Northern bobwhite foraging response to hunting

2018

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Prey species must consistently balance the need for resource acquisition with the threat of predation. This balance is particularly true for gallinaceous birds, such as the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), which are ground foragers and are often exposed to increased predation risk compared to arboreal foragers. We studied how bobwhites might mitigate the threat of human hunting pressure by altering their foraging strategy. We directly monitored hunting encounters with bobwhites, during October 2014–March 2015, and collected daily movement paths (n = 514) using radio‐telemetry. We performed first‐passage time analysis to infer foraging behavior by calculating bout frequency, area, duration, and timing. We found bobwhites mitigated exposure to human hunters by increasing foraging frequency coupled with a decrease in duration (15.4%) and area (7.1%) in response to hunting pressure. We observed a temporal shift in foraging away from peak hunting hours by 30 minutes when birds were recently exposed to a discharged firearm. Our results imply that hunting game species can disrupt timing of foraging and therefore influence allocation to competing activities such as anti‐predator vigilance. We propose implementing a dynamic harvest management regime that distributes hunting activity temporally and spatially to mitigate high hunting pressure and reduce behavioral effects on bobwhites. Careful planning of hunting activity should reduce its additive effects on natural mortality while improving hunter satisfaction. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.

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Absorption of Minerals and Retention Time of Dry Matter in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

The Effect of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (A Soluble Polysaccharide) on the Rate of Marker Excretion from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers

The Effect of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (A Soluble Polysaccharide) on the Rate of Marker Excretion from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers

Dietary Fructans and Their Potential Beneficial Influence on Health and Performance Parametrs in Broiler Chickens

Northern bobwhite foraging response to hunting

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